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(mAP) -250.00700 (of) -249.99500 (66\045) -249.98500 (\050vs\056) -310.01700 (62\045) -249.98800 (for) -249.99700 (R\055CNN\051\056) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 6.97380 Tf 1 0 0 1 479.90900 559.92800 Tm (1) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 10.95890 Tf 1 0 0 1 308.86200 536.21900 Tm [ (1\0561\056) -250.00400 <52ad434e4e> -249.99500 (and) -250 (SPPnet) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 -17.98910 Td [ (The) -398.00700 (Re) 14.98770 (gion\055based) -397.98500 (Con) 40.01780 (v) 20.00160 (olutional) -398.00700 (Netw) 10.00810 (ork) -398.00700 (method) -397.98300 (\050R\055) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95590 Td [ (CNN\051) -350.98600 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 340.02500 506.27400 Tm (9) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 345.00600 506.27400 Tm [ (\135) -351.00300 (achie) 25.01540 (v) 14.98280 (es) -350.99800 (e) 15.01220 (xcellent) -350.98100 (object) -350.98600 (detection) -351.99500 (accurac) 14.99750 (y) 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11.95470 TL T* [ (tracted) -354.01700 (from) -354.01000 (each) -353.98700 (object) -352.98500 (proposal) -353.99500 (in) -354.01000 (each) -353.99000 (image) -354.00500 (and) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (written) -439.98300 (to) -439.01300 (disk\056) -879.00300 (W) 39.99330 (ith) -439.98500 (v) 14.98280 (ery) -438.99000 (deep) -440.00500 (netw) 10.00810 (orks\054) -487.00200 (such) -439.99500 (as) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (V) 14.98030 (GG16\054) -405.01300 (this) -373.01100 (process) -374.00600 (tak) 10.00810 (es) -372.99700 (2\0565) -374.00100 (GPU\055days) -373.00600 (for) -374.01600 (the) -374.00600 (5k) ] TJ T* [ (images) -318.00300 (of) -317.98400 (the) -318.01800 (V) 39.99580 (OC07) -318 (train) 40.00310 (v) 24.98110 (al) -317.98100 (set\056) -515.00200 (These) -318.02000 (features) -317.98600 (re\055) ] TJ T* [ (quire) -249.98800 (hundreds) -250.01200 (of) -249.99500 (gig) 5 (abytes) -249.98300 (of) -249.99700 (storage\056) ] TJ -12.45310 -16.05310 Td (3\056) Tj /R30 9.96260 Tf 12.45310 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-398.99700 (re) 15.00980 (gion) -397.99000 (of) -398.99100 (interest) -397.99100 (\050) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 143.19500 0 Td (RoI) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 14.89410 0 Td [ (\051) -398.01400 (pooling) -398.99200 (layer) -398.01200 (e) 15.01220 (x\055) ] TJ -158.08900 -11.95470 Td [ (tracts) -388.98500 (a) -388.99800 <0278> 14.99750 (ed\055length) -389.01100 (feature) -389.00100 (v) 14.98280 (ector) -388.99400 (from) -388.98400 (the) -388.98700 (feature) -389.00100 (map\056) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (Each) -206.98500 (feature) -206.99200 (v) 14.98280 (ector) -206.98500 (is) -207.01100 (fed) -206.98800 (into) -207 (a) -206.99000 (sequence) -206.98000 (of) -206.98300 (fully) -207.00200 (connected) ] TJ (\050) ' /R36 9.96260 Tf 3.31797 0 Td (fc) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 7.19180 0 Td [ (\051) -365 (layers) -364.01200 (that) -364.98300 <026e616c6c79> -363.98300 (branch) -364.99400 (into) -363.99300 (tw) 10.00810 (o) -364.99300 (sibling) -364.01500 (output) -365.00300 (lay\055) ] TJ -10.50980 -11.95510 Td [ (ers\072) -515.98700 (one) -354.01400 (that) -352.98500 (produces) -352.98500 (softmax) -353.01100 (probability) -354.01200 (es) 0.98268 (timates) -353.98700 (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (er) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf T* [ (K) -0.30019 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 12.93590 0 Td [ (object) -378 (classes) -376.98400 (plus) -377.99200 (a) -377 (catch\055all) -378.00900 (\223background\224) -378 (class) -376.98600 (and) ] TJ -12.93590 -11.95590 Td [ (another) -211.01300 (layer) -210.98400 (that) -211.98900 (outputs) -210.98300 (four) -210.98100 (real\055v) 25.01300 (alued) -211.01600 (numbers) -211 (for) -212.00600 (each) ] TJ T* [ (of) -200.00400 (the) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 24.46290 0 Td [ (K) -0.30019 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.16910 0 Td [ (object) -199.99000 (classes\056) -294.01500 (Each) -200.00600 (set) -199.99700 (of) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 104.69100 0 Td (4) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 6.97578 0 Td [ (v) 24.98110 (alues) -199.99600 (encodes) -201.01800 (re) 1.01209 <026e6564> ] TJ -147.29900 -11.95510 Td [ (bounding\055box) -249.98300 (positions) -249.98300 (for) -249.99900 (one) -249.99100 (of) -249.99600 (the) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 153.30400 0 Td [ (K) -0.29897 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.66480 0 Td (classes\056) Tj /R30 10.95890 Tf -164.96900 -20.47270 Td [ (2\0561\056) -250.00500 (The) -250 (RoI) -250.00200 (pooling) -249.99100 (lay) 10.01610 (er) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 -18.11520 Td [ (The) -329 (RoI) -328.98900 (pooling) -329.00400 (layer) -327.98400 (uses) -328.99200 (max) -328.99200 (pooling) -329.00400 (to) -328.99200 (con) 39.99820 (v) 14.98280 (ert) -329.00400 (the) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (features) -271.99500 (inside) -272.00700 (an) 15.01830 (y) -271.00900 (v) 24.98110 (alid) -272.01800 (re) 15.00980 (gion) -272.01100 (of) -271.99300 (interest) -270.99400 (into) -272.00900 (a) -271.99900 (small) -272.00400 (fea\055) ] TJ T* [ (ture) -243.01400 (map) -241.98600 (with) -242.99600 (a) -242.98400 <0278> 14.99750 (ed) -243.01700 (spatial) -242.01400 (e) 15.01220 (xtent) -242.99900 (of) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 152.41700 0 Td [ (H) -0.29897 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 11.03710 0 Td [ <02> -0.79889 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 9.69492 0 Td [ (W) -0.40189 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 13.21090 0 Td (\050) Tj /R36 9.96260 Tf 3.31797 0 Td [ (e) 15.01220 (\056g) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.74610 0 Td (\056\054) Tj /R42 9.96260 Tf 7.41406 0 Td (7) Tj /R38 9.96260 Tf 6.92812 0 Td [ <02> -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.69492 0 Td (7) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 4.98086 0 Td (\051\054) Tj -230.44200 -11.95630 Td (where) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 27.50780 0 Td [ (H) -0.30019 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 12.26020 0 Td (and) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 17.55510 0 Td [ (W) -0.39944 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 13.96170 0 Td [ (are) -317.99800 (layer) -317.98600 (h) 4.98446 (yper) 20 (\055parameters) -317.98400 (that) -318.01100 (are) -317.99800 (inde\055) ] TJ -71.28480 -11.95510 Td [ (pendent) -399.99300 (of) -400.01000 (an) 15.01830 (y) -400.98700 (particular) -400 (RoI\056) -399.99500 (In) -400.01000 (this) -399.98700 (paper) 39.99090 (\054) -438.00300 (an) -400.01200 (RoI) -399.99700 (is) -401.01900 (a) ] TJ T* [ (rectangular) -330.99800 (windo) 25 (w) -331.00100 (into) -331.01800 (a) -331.00800 (con) 40 (v) -330.99900 (feature) -331.01100 (map\056) -552.99100 (Each) -331.00400 (RoI) -330.98900 (is) ] TJ T* [ <6465026e6564> -278.01100 (by) -279.00200 (a) -277.99700 (four) 20 (\055tuple) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 94.45270 0 Td [ (\050) -0.89936 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87500 0 Td [ (r) 27.81520 (\073) -167.78800 (c) -0.80011 (\073) -166.79800 (h) -0.20095 (\073) -167.80500 (w) -0.90058 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 34.95310 0 Td [ (\051) -0.89936 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 6.64805 0 Td [ (that) -278.01700 <7370656369026573> -278.98800 (its) -278.01200 (top\055left) ] TJ -139.92900 -11.95510 Td (corner) Tj /R42 9.96260 Tf 27.93480 0 Td [ (\050) -0.89997 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87422 0 Td [ (r) 27.81580 (\073) -167.78900 (c) -0.79950 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 12.95780 0 Td [ (\051) -0.89997 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 6.36523 0 Td [ (and) -249.99100 (its) -250.01600 (height) -250.01200 (and) -249.99100 (width) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 98.23980 0 Td [ (\050) -0.89936 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87500 0 Td [ (h) -0.20095 (\073) -167.80500 (w) -0.89936 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 17.56800 0 Td [ (\051) -0.90181 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 3.87422 0 Td (\056) Tj ET Q q 3088 6200 2364 1000 re W* n 1 g 3088.62000 5405.57000 3190.08000 1794.42000 re f* 0.90625 0.90234 0.90234 rg 4501.43000 6217.84000 917.54700 874.48000 re f* 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R61 7.98317 Tf 1 0 0 1 388.89300 694.55200 Tm (Deep) Tj /R61 7.97520 Tf 9.58008 TL T* [ (Con) 15.98580 (vNet) ] TJ ET Q 0.81641 0.80859 0.80859 rg 4794.91000 6810.40000 624.05900 281.52300 re f* /R65 cs /R64 scn 4345.45000 6405.26000 40.73440 426.73800 re f* /R65 cs /R66 scn 4345.45000 6832 m 4219.11000 6958.34000 l 4219.11000 6531.60000 l 4345.45000 6405.26000 l f* /R65 cs /R67 scn 4386.18000 6832 m 4259.84000 6958.34000 l 4219.11000 6958.34000 l 4345.45000 6832 l f* 3.98760 w 0.75391 0 0 RG 4386.18000 6832 m 4259.84000 6958.34000 l 4219.11000 6958.34000 l 4219.11000 6531.60000 l 4345.45000 6405.26000 l 4386.18000 6405.26000 l h 4386.18000 6832 m 4345.45000 6832 l 4219.11000 6958.34000 l 4345.45000 6832 m 4345.45000 6405.26000 l S q 763.22700 0 0 853.34600 3116.53000 6238.58000 cm /R68 Do Q 3.19008 w 0 G 4452.38000 6855.70000 m 4216.15000 7091.93000 l 4169.66000 7091.93000 l 4169.66000 6575.70000 l 4405.89000 6339.47000 l 4452.38000 6339.47000 l h 4452.38000 6855.70000 m 4405.89000 6855.70000 l 4169.66000 7091.93000 l 4405.89000 6855.70000 m 4405.89000 6339.47000 l S 0 g 3879.96000 6922.85000 m 4156.37000 6922.85000 l 4156.37000 6916.07000 l 3879.96000 6916.07000 l h 4152.98000 6929.63000 m 4173.31000 6919.46000 l 4152.98000 6909.30000 l f q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R61 9.29111 Tf 1 0 0 1 403.80700 636.88100 Tm [ (Co) -3.01658 (n) 18.01010 (v) ] TJ 11.16520 TL T* [ (f) 29.00170 (ea) 8.01968 (tur) 13.98450 (e map) ] TJ ET Q 3801.40000 6558.39000 m 4283.34000 6558.39000 l 4283.34000 6551.61000 l 3801.40000 6551.61000 l h 4279.95000 6565.16000 m 4300.29000 6555 l 4279.95000 6544.83000 l f q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R61 7.97520 Tf 1 0 0 1 388.48800 658.98900 Tm [ (R) 22.01960 (oI) ] TJ /R61 7.98317 Tf 9.56992 TL T* [ (pr) 20.98840 (ojectio) 3.98788 (n) ] TJ ET Q 16.74790 w 1 G 3237.76000 6242.97000 562.64800 817.05900 re S 9.96900 w 0.75391 0 0 RG 3239.15000 6242.77000 562.25000 817.05900 re S /R65 cs /R69 scn 4703.33000 6512.13000 39.33200 137.03100 re f* /R65 cs /R70 scn 4703.33000 6649.17000 m 4674.89000 6677.62000 l 4674.89000 6540.57000 l 4703.33000 6512.13000 l f* /R65 cs /R71 scn 4742.68000 6649.17000 m 4714.23000 6677.62000 l 4674.89000 6677.62000 l 4703.33000 6649.17000 l f* 3.98760 w 4742.68000 6649.17000 m 4714.23000 6677.62000 l 4674.89000 6677.62000 l 4674.89000 6540.57000 l 4703.33000 6512.13000 l 4742.68000 6512.13000 l h 4742.68000 6649.17000 m 4703.33000 6649.17000 l 4674.89000 6677.62000 l 4703.33000 6649.17000 m 4703.33000 6512.13000 l S 0 g 4386.39000 6597.86000 m 4673.03000 6597.86000 l 4673.03000 6591.09000 l 4386.39000 6591.09000 l h 4669.64000 6604.64000 m 4689.97000 6594.47000 l 4669.64000 6584.30000 l f q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R61 6.66727 Tf 1 0 0 1 450.76400 678.08300 Tm [ (R) 23.97730 (oI) ] TJ /R61 6.65929 Tf 7.98516 TL (pooling) ' 7.97539 TL T* [ (la) 15.01660 (y) 9.97930 (e) -2.01639 (r) ] TJ ET Q /R65 cs /R72 scn 4947.24000 6447.53000 15.15230 290.69500 re f* 4947.24000 6447.53000 15.15230 290.69500 re S 0 g 4742.88000 6596.27000 m 4930.26000 6596.27000 l 4930.26000 6589.49000 l 4742.88000 6589.49000 l h 4926.87000 6603.05000 m 4947.21000 6592.88000 l 4926.87000 6582.71000 l f q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R61 6.65929 Tf 1 0 0 1 478.63800 664.15000 Tm [ (F) 11.02780 (Cs) ] TJ /R61 9.29111 Tf -3.57227 -27.33200 Td [ (R) 21.01090 (oI) -230.44800 (f) 29 (ea) 8.01968 (tur) 13.98450 (e) ] TJ /R61 9.29908 Tf 8.69297 -11.16520 Td [ (v) 6.99414 (ect) 9.00521 (or) ] TJ ET Q 4962.59000 6589.29000 m 5266.52000 6589.29000 l 5266.52000 6846.69000 l 5259.73000 6846.69000 l 5259.73000 6592.68000 l 5263.13000 6596.07000 l 4962.59000 6596.07000 l h 5273.29000 6843.30000 m 5263.13000 6863.64000 l 5252.96000 6843.30000 l f /R65 cs /R73 scn 4893.41000 6863.84000 124.81300 20.73440 re f* 4893.41000 6863.84000 124.81300 20.73440 re S 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R61 7.97520 Tf 1 0 0 1 481.84400 691.00300 Tm [ (so) 3 (ftma) 9.99804 (x) ] TJ ET Q /R65 cs /R74 scn 5156.19000 6863.84000 213.73400 21.93360 re f* 5156.19000 6863.84000 213.73400 21.93360 re S 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R61 7.97520 Tf 1 0 0 1 518.49700 700.57300 Tm [ (bbo) 21.02470 (x) ] TJ -7.17773 -9.56992 Td [ (r) 15.02460 (egr) 13.02250 (ess) 3 (or) ] TJ /R75 5.31148 Tf -30.63130 13.04610 Td [ (Ou) 5.02854 (tpu) 7.00502 (ts) ] TJ /R75 4.67347 Tf 16.98710 0 Td (\072) Tj -0.07244 Tc /R61 6.65929 Tf 3.14336 -27.93670 Td (FC) Tj 31.00700 0.04648 Td (FC) Tj 0 Tc /R75 5.30351 Tf -17.81800 -52.69920 Td [ (F) 16.01060 (or ) -4.02335 (e) 3.98653 (a) 2.98299 (c) -1.97945 (h) 2.98299 ( ) -25.53030 (R) 20.99140 (oI) ] TJ ET Q 4957.21000 6737.96000 m 4957.21000 6846.69000 l 4950.43000 6846.69000 l 4950.43000 6737.96000 l h 4963.99000 6843.30000 m 4953.82000 6863.64000 l 4943.65000 6843.30000 l f /R65 cs /R77 scn 4914.14000 6770.13000 79.75000 26.71480 re f* 3.19008 w 0 G 4914.14000 6770.13000 79.75000 26.71480 re S /R65 cs /R78 scn 5220.79000 6771.32000 79.35550 26.71480 re f* 5220.79000 6771.32000 79.35550 26.71480 re S /R65 cs /R79 scn 4782.15000 6553.20000 27.11720 79.35160 re f* 4782.15000 6553.20000 27.11720 79.35160 re S /R65 cs /R80 scn 4849.94000 6554 26.71880 79.35160 re f* 4849.94000 6554 26.71880 79.35160 re S Q q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 308.86200 609.05200 Tm [ (Figure) -371.00900 (1\056) -370.98100 (F) 15.00560 (ast) -372.01100 (R\055CNN) -371.00900 (architecture\056) -673.99000 (An) -371.01400 (input) -370.98700 (image) -370.98100 (and) -370.98100 (multi\055) ] TJ 10.95900 TL T* [ (ple) -326.01100 (re) 14.99740 (gions) -325.98600 (of) -326.01400 (interest) -326.02200 (\050RoIs\051) -325.98400 (are) -326.00500 (input) -325.98400 (into) -325.98400 (a) -326.01600 (fully) -324.99300 (con) 40.01480 (v) 19.99650 (olutional) ] TJ T* [ (netw) 10 (ork\056) -702.00500 (Each) -380.98000 (RoI) -379.97800 (is) -381.01000 (pooled) -380.99100 (into) -381.00700 (a) -379.99400 <0278> 15.00280 (ed\055size) -380.99600 (feature) -381.01200 (map) -379.98800 (and) ] TJ T* [ (then) -311.98300 (mapped) -312.00200 (to) -312.00700 (a) -311.99100 (feature) -312.00500 (v) 14.98650 (ector) -312.01600 (by) -312.01600 (fully) -312.01000 (connected) -311.99400 (layers) -311.00800 (\050FCs\051\056) ] TJ T* [ (The) -221.99000 (netw) 10 (ork) -221.97900 (has) -221.97900 (tw) 10.02000 (o) -222.00900 (output) -221.99300 (v) 14.98650 (ectors) -222.00400 (per) -221.99800 (RoI\072) -222.00400 (softmax) -222.02000 (probabi) 1.01834 (lities) ] TJ T* [ (and) -252.00100 (per) 20.00740 (\055class) -253.01700 (bounding\055box) -251.99100 (re) 14.99740 (gression) -253 (of) 24.99020 (fset) 0.98022 (s\056) -318 (The) -252.00400 (architecture) -251.99300 (is) ] TJ T* [ (trained) -250.01400 (end\055to\055end) -249.99200 (with) -250.01400 (a) -249.99700 (multi\055task) -250.00600 (loss\056) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 -28.96990 Td [ (RoI) -264.02000 (max) -263.98300 (pooling) -263.99500 (w) 10 (orks) -263.98000 (by) -263.98500 (di) 24.98600 (viding) -264 (the) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 160.30700 0 Td [ (h) -0.19605 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 8.05664 0 Td [ <02> -0.80379 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 10.06520 0 Td [ (w) -0.90181 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 10.03090 0 Td [ (RoI) -264.02000 (win\055) ] TJ -200.41500 -11.95510 Td [ (do) 24.98600 (w) -325.00200 (into) -326 (an) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 51.53790 0 Td [ (H) -0.29897 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 11.86090 0 Td [ <02> -0.79889 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 10.51910 0 Td [ (W) -0.40189 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 14.03400 0 Td [ (grid) -324.99000 (of) -325.98500 (sub\055windo) 25.01540 (ws) -324.99500 (of) -325.00500 (approximate) ] TJ -87.95200 -11.95470 Td (size) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 17.97110 0 Td [ (h) -0.20095 (\075H) -0.29897 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 21.98480 0 Td [ <02> -0.79889 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 9.92109 0 Td [ (w) -27.89490 (\075W) -0.40189 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 25.65390 0 Td [ (and) -249.01200 (then) -249.00300 (max\055pooling) -249.00700 (the) -249.00700 (v) 24.98110 (alue) 0.98513 (s) -249.01200 (in) -249.00700 (each) ] TJ -75.53090 -11.95630 Td [ (sub\055windo) 25.01300 (w) -301.00600 (into) -300.98400 (the) -301.00100 (corresponding) -299.99400 (output) -301.01300 (grid) -300.99400 (cell\056) -463.01100 (Pool\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (ing) -336.00500 (is) -336.99000 (applied) -336.00300 (independently) -336.01700 (to) -336.99300 (each) -335.99300 (feature) -335.98800 (map) -336.98800 (channel\054) ] TJ T* [ (as) -372.01400 (in) -370.98500 (standard) -372 (max) -372.00400 (pooling\056) -674.98000 (The) -372.01100 (RoI) -372.00200 (layer) -370.99700 (is) -372.00200 (simply) -372.01100 (the) ] TJ T* [ (special\055case) -402.98900 (of) -404.00900 (the) -402.98400 (spatial) -403.98700 (p) 10.00320 (yramid) -403.01100 (pooling) -404.01100 (layer) -402.99200 (used) -404.00100 (in) ] TJ T* [ (SPPnets) -276.01500 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 347.59700 430.64200 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 357.55900 430.64200 Tm [ (\135) -275.99600 (in) -275.98100 (which) -276.99800 (there) -275.99300 (is) -276.01800 (only) -276.00800 (one) -275.98800 (p) 10.00320 (yramid) -276.01300 (le) 25.02030 (v) 14.98280 (el\056) -388.98900 (W) 79.98660 (e) ] TJ -48.69730 -11.95510 Td [ (use) -249.99000 (the) -249.99000 (pooling) -249.99700 (sub\055windo) 25.01540 (w) -249.99300 (calculation) -250.01200 (gi) 24.98600 (v) 14.98280 (en) -249.99700 (in) -249.98800 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 507.72500 418.68700 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 517.68800 418.68700 Tm (\135\056) Tj /R30 10.95890 Tf -208.82600 -19.40390 Td [ (2\0562\056) -250.00400 (Initializing) -249.98400 (fr) 17.98490 (om) -250.01100 (pr) 17.99160 <65ad747261696e6564> -250.01100 (netw) 10.00280 (orks) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95470 -17.93280 Td [ (W) 79.98660 (e) -271.01800 (e) 15.01220 (xperiment) -270.00400 (with) -270.99200 (three) -269.99400 (pre\055trained) -271.00900 (ImageNet) -269.98400 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 518.62400 381.35000 Tm (4) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 523.60500 381.35000 Tm [ (\135) -271.01800 (net\055) ] TJ -214.74300 -11.95510 Td [ (w) 10 (orks\054) -292.01500 (each) -282.98000 (with) -282.99000 <02> 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) -283.01700 (max) -284.01600 (pooling) -283.01200 (layers) -283.00700 (and) -283.00700 (between) -283.98700 <02> 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (and) -372.99200 (thirtee) 0.99493 (n) -372.99200 (con) 39.99820 (v) -372.99200 (layers) -372.00900 (\050see) -373.00100 (Section) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 464.63700 357.44000 Tm (4\0561) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 480.80600 357.44000 Tm [ (for) -372.01600 (netw) 10.00810 (ork) -372.99200 (de\055) ] TJ -171.94400 -11.95510 Td [ (tails\051\056) -302.00600 (When) -225.99400 (a) -224.98700 (pre\055trained) -225.99700 (netw) 10.00810 (ork) -225.99700 (initializes) -225.02100 (a) -226.00600 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -225.99200 (R\055CNN) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (netw) 10.00810 (ork\054) -249.98800 (it) -249.98300 (under) 18.00430 (goes) -249.98500 (three) -249.99700 (transformations\056) ] TJ 11.95470 -11.95510 Td [ (First\054) -438.01000 (the) -400.98500 (last) -399.99500 (max) -401.01900 (pooling) -400.99200 (layer) -400.01200 (is) -401.01600 (replaced) -400.01700 (by) -400.98200 (a) -400.99700 (RoI) ] TJ -11.95470 -11.95510 Td [ (pooling) -307.98800 (layer) -307.98800 (that) -306.99300 (is) -308.01500 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-297.00400 (one) -297.00400 (RoI) -296.99500 (from) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf -97.05510 -11.95510 Td (128) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 17.12380 0 Td [ (dif) 24.98540 (ferent) -218.98600 (images) -219 (\050) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 69.95310 0 Td (i\056e) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.68398 0 Td [ (\056\054) -225.01600 (the) -219.01500 (R\055CNN) -218.99300 (and) -217.99800 (SPPnet) -219.01000 (strate) 14.98520 (gy\051\056) ] TJ -84.80590 -11.95510 Td [ (One) -214 (concern) -214.98500 (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (er) -214.01100 (this) -214.99700 (strate) 14.98650 (gy) -213.99400 (is) -213.99000 (it) -215.00800 (may) -213.99100 (cause) -214.00600 (slo) 24.99340 (w) -214.98100 (train\055) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (ing) -213.98600 (con) 39.99880 (v) 14.98280 (er) 17.98960 (gence) -214.00600 (because) -214.00500 (RoIs) -213.98300 (from) -213.99200 (the) -213.99600 (same) -213.99400 (image) -213.98900 (are) -214.01600 (cor) 19.99420 (\055) ] TJ T* [ (related\056) -305.00200 (This) -234.01700 (concern) -234.98200 (does) -233.98800 (not) -235.00200 (appear) -234.00600 (to) -233.98800 (be) -235.02000 (a) -234.00500 (practical) -235.01500 (issue) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (and) -374.01000 (we) -374.01700 (achie) 25.01420 (v) 14.98280 (e) -373.98200 (good) -373.99600 (results) -373.99200 (with) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 142.03600 0 Td [ (N) -0.49992 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 14.14610 0 Td [ (\075) -507.80500 (2) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 21.51090 0 Td (and) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 18.11290 0 Td [ (R) -0.29897 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 12.69610 0 Td [ (\075) -507.80500 (128) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf -208.50200 -11.95510 Td [ (using) -250.00900 (fe) 25.00810 (wer) -250.00200 (SGD) -250.01700 (iterations) -250.00400 (than) -249.98500 (R\055CNN\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -11.95470 Td [ (In) -257.01400 (addition) -257.01800 (to) -257.00400 (hierarchical) -257.01200 (sampling\054) -259.00800 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -257.00600 (R\055CNN) -258.00600 (uses) -257.00400 (a) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (streamlined) -252.98300 (training) -252.98700 (process) -253.00700 (with) -252.99500 (one) -253.01000 <026e652d74756e696e67> -253.98900 (stage) -253.00700 (that) ] TJ T* [ (jointly) -261.01100 (optimizes) -261.01300 (a) -261.02000 (softmax) -260.98700 <636c61737369026572> -260.99100 (and) -261.01000 (bounding\055box) -261 (re\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (gressors\054) -421.98800 (rather) -388.01600 (than) -388.00100 (training) -387.98400 (a) -388.01900 (softmax) -387.98700 <636c61737369026572> 40.01780 (\054) -422.98600 (SVMs\054) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (and) -263.00900 (re) 15.00980 (gressors) -264.01700 (in) -263.00300 (three) -263.99500 (separate) -263.01700 (stages) -264.01800 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 208.45800 423.11300 Tm (9) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 213.43900 423.11300 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 218.55000 423.11300 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 228.51300 423.11300 Tm [ (\135\056) -349.98100 (The) -263.99000 (compo\055) ] TJ -178.40100 -11.95510 Td [ (nents) -239 (of) -237.99800 (this) -238.99300 (procedure) -238 (\050the) -239.01400 (loss\054) -240.99200 (mini\055batch) -238.00200 (sampling) -239.01400 (strat\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (e) 15.01280 (gy) 65.01860 (\054) -202.00300 (back\055propag) 4.99059 (ation) -191.00700 (through) -190.99800 (RoI) -189.99300 (pooling) -190.98800 (layers\054) -201.99600 (and) -190.98300 (SGD) ] TJ T* [ (h) 4.98446 (yper) 20 (\055parameters\051) -249.99700 (are) -250.01000 (described) -249.98500 (belo) 24.98850 (w) 65.01120 (\056) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf 26.26020 TL T* [ (Multi\055task) -301.00200 (loss\056) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 75.78910 0 Td [ (A) -301.00600 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -302.01900 (R\055CNN) -301.01800 (netw) 10.00810 (ork) -301.98100 (has) -301.00100 (tw) 10.00810 (o) -301.00400 (sibling) ] TJ -75.78910 -11.95510 Td [ (output) -256.98200 (layers\056) -332.01400 (The) -257.01100 <02727374> -256.99100 (outputs) -257.01500 (a) -256.98200 (discrete) -257.98600 (probability) -257.00900 (distri\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (b) 20.00160 (ution) -248.98800 (\050per) -250.00400 (RoI\051\054) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 69.51410 0 Td [ (p) -0.10047 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 7.77891 0 Td [ (\075) -278.78400 (\050) -0.89936 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 14.39100 0 Td [ (p) -0.10047 ] TJ /R104 6.97380 Tf 5.01211 -1.49414 Td [ (0) -0.50062 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.46992 1.49414 Td [ (\073) -167.78800 (\072) -166.80800 (\072) -167.78800 (\072) -167.78800 (\073) -166.80800 (p) -0.10047 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 27.15080 -1.49414 Td [ (K) -0.89971 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 7.68125 1.49414 Td [ (\051) -0.89936 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 3.87500 0 Td [ (\054) -249.99500 (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (er) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 24.86680 0 Td [ (K) -0.29897 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 11.36990 0 Td [ (\053) -220.79400 (1) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 17.41130 0 Td [ (cate) 15.01220 (gories\056) ] TJ -193.52100 -11.95510 Td [ (As) -203.99600 (usual\054) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 38.73790 0 Td [ (p) -0.09986 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 7.04102 0 Td [ (is) -203.99200 (computed) -202.99400 (by) -203.99500 (a) -202.99100 (softmax) -204.01600 (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (er) -202.99300 (the) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 136.19800 0 Td [ (K) -0.29897 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.67500 0 Td [ (\053) -50.78320 (1) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 15.25820 0 Td (outputs) Tj -206.91000 -11.95510 Td [ (of) -249.01500 (a) -248.98200 (fully) -248.99600 (connected) -249.00700 (layer) 55.01040 (\056) -309.00500 (The) -249.01200 (second) -249.00500 (sibling) -249.01500 (layer) -249.01700 (outputs) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (bounding\055box) -346.00600 (re) 15.00980 (gression) -345.99400 (of) 25.01670 (fsets\054) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 136.08200 0 Td [ (t) -0.10047 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.59687 3.61484 Td [ (k) -0.30107 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.44219 -3.61484 Td [ (\075) -0.79889 ] TJ /R108 9.96260 Tf 12.28980 8.06992 Td [ <00> -0.30142 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.56602 -8.06992 Td [ (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.59687 3.61484 Td [ (k) -0.29757 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 6.07813 TL (x) ' /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.90195 2.46328 Td [ (\073) -167.78800 (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 8.02617 3.61484 Td [ (k) -0.29757 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf (y) ' /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.90117 2.46328 Td [ (\073) -167.78800 (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 8.02578 3.61484 Td [ (k) -0.29757 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf (w) ' /R59 9.96260 Tf 5.53320 2.46328 Td [ (\073) -167.78800 (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 8.02500 3.61484 Td [ (k) -0.29757 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 6.35000 TL (h) ' /R108 9.96260 Tf 4.90195 10.80510 Td [ <01> -0.30142 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 4.56602 -8.06992 Td [ (\054) -370.01400 (for) ] TJ -218.45500 -11.95510 Td [ (each) -270.98200 (of) -271.01200 (the) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 46.81910 0 Td [ (K) -0.29897 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.87190 0 Td [ (object) -270.99800 (classes\054) -276.01800 (inde) 14.99010 (x) 14.98280 (ed) -271.01200 (by) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 106.55500 0 Td [ (k) -0.60039 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 5.50000 0 Td [ (\056) -372.99400 (W) 79.98660 (e) -270 (use) -271.00600 (the) -271.00600 (pa\055) ] TJ -170.74600 -11.95510 Td [ (rameterization) -355.01600 (for) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 76.23910 0 Td [ (t) -0.10047 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.59805 3.61484 Td [ (k) -0.30107 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 8.44180 -3.61484 Td [ (gi) 24.98850 (v) 14.98280 (en) -354.99800 (in) -356.00700 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 178.28200 277.30200 Tm (9) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 183.26300 277.30200 Tm [ (\135\054) -380.99600 (in) -356.00700 (which) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 48.78520 0 Td [ (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.59805 3.61484 Td [ (k) -0.29757 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 8.44219 -3.61484 Td [ <7370656369026573> -355.01400 (a) ] TJ -193.97600 -11.95590 Td [ (scale\055in) 40.00250 (v) 24.98110 (ariant) -312.01900 (translation) -311.98800 (and) -311.98100 (log\055space) -312.01400 (height\057width) -312.00700 (shift) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (relati) 24.98600 (v) 14.98280 (e) -250.00200 (to) -249.98500 (an) -249.99700 (object) -249.98200 (proposal\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (Each) -283.99200 (training) -284.00200 (RoI) -284.01600 (is) -284.01800 (labeled) -283.98100 (with) -282.99000 (a) -283.99700 (ground\055truth) -283.99200 (class) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 218.59200 0 Td [ (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf -230.54700 -11.95510 Td [ (and) -352.01400 (a) -351.98500 (ground\055truth) -352.02000 (bounding\055box) -352.00500 (re) 15.00980 (gression) -351.01300 (tar) 17.99700 (get) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 209.40800 0 Td [ (v) -0.70086 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 5.18633 0 Td [ (\056) -616.01200 (W) 79.98660 (e) ] TJ -214.59400 -11.95510 Td [ (use) -291.00400 (a) -291.01500 (multi\055task) -291 (loss) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 85.21020 0 Td [ (L) -0.59916 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.67969 0 Td [ (on) -291 (each) -291.01900 (labeled) -290.99800 (RoI) -290.99600 (to) -290.99800 (jointly) -291.00500 (train) ] TJ -94.88980 -11.95470 Td [ (for) -249.99900 <636c6173736902636174696f6e> -249.98900 (and) -249.99100 (bounding\055box) -249.98300 (re) 15.00980 (gression\072) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 14.34180 -20.44300 Td [ (L) -0.60039 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 6.78008 0 Td [ (\050) -0.89997 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87422 0 Td [ (p) -0.09986 (\073) -167.78100 (u) -0.49992 (\073) -166.80100 (t) -0.10047 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 23.16870 4.11367 Td [ (u) -0.40085 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 5.20898 -4.11367 Td [ (\073) -167.78800 (v) -0.69964 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.61406 0 Td [ (\051) -278.90800 (\075) -0.80011 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 17.15820 0 Td [ (L) -0.59916 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 6.77969 -1.49414 Td (cls) Tj /R42 9.96260 Tf 8.24609 1.49414 Td [ (\050) -0.89936 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87422 0 Td [ (p) -0.10047 (\073) -167.78100 (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 15.14380 0 Td [ (\051) -222.91700 (\053) -0.80011 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 16.05120 0 Td [ <15> -0.30019 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 5.81094 0 Td [ (\133) -0.80011 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 2.76797 0 Td [ (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 8.46992 0 Td [ <15> -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 10.51600 0 Td [ (1\135) -0.79889 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 7.74922 0 Td [ (L) -0.60039 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 6.78008 -1.49414 Td (loc) Tj /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.01992 1.49414 Td [ (\050) -0.90181 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87383 0 Td [ (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.59805 4.11367 Td [ (u) -0.39909 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 5.20898 -4.11367 Td [ (\073) -167.78800 (v) -0.70086 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.61406 0 Td [ (\051) -0.90181 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87383 0 Td [ (\073) -0.79889 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 17.11020 0 Td (\0501\051) Tj -224.63400 -20.44220 Td [ (in) -249.98500 (which) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 37.08090 0 Td [ (L) -0.60039 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 6.78008 -1.49414 Td (cls) Tj /R42 9.96260 Tf 8.24609 1.49414 Td [ (\050) -0.89936 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87383 0 Td [ (p) -0.10047 (\073) -167.78100 (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 15.14300 0 Td [ (\051) -278.90800 (\075) -0.80011 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 17.15820 0 Td [ <00> -0.80011 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.40898 0 Td [ (l) -0.80011 (og) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 14.52890 0 Td [ (p) -0.10047 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 5.01289 -1.49414 Td [ (u) -0.40085 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 7.69922 1.49414 Td [ (is) -249.98400 (log) -250.02000 (loss) -250.01200 (for) -250 (true) -249.99300 (class) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 96.29690 0 Td [ (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 5.70430 0 Td (\056) Tj -214.97800 -11.95510 Td [ (The) -420.98400 (second) -421.01600 (task) -421.01400 (l) 0.98758 (oss\054) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 94.39610 0 Td [ (L) -0.59916 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 6.77969 -1.49492 Td (loc) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.02031 1.49492 Td [ (\054) -463.99900 (is) -419.99500 <6465026e6564> -421.00800 (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (er) -420.99600 (a) -420.99300 (tuple) -421.00800 (of) ] TJ -122.15100 -11.95510 Td [ (true) -529.98600 (bounding\055box) -528.99500 (re) 15.00980 (gression) -530.00200 (tar) 17.99700 (gets) -530.01600 (for) -529.99200 (class) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 201.21800 0 Td [ (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 5.70313 0 Td (\054) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 8.46484 0 Td [ (v) -0.70086 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 13.11520 0 Td [ (\075) -0.79889 ] TJ -228.50100 -11.95590 Td [ (\050) -0.89997 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87383 0 Td [ (v) -0.69964 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 4.82930 -1.49414 Td (x) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.98477 1.49414 Td [ (\073) -167.78900 (v) -0.69964 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 9.25703 -1.49414 Td (y) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.98516 1.49414 Td [ (\073) -167.78900 (v) -0.69964 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 9.25703 -1.49414 Td (w) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 5.53398 1.49414 Td [ (\073) -167.78900 (v) -0.69964 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 9.25586 -1.49414 Td (h) Tj /R42 9.96260 Tf 3.98594 1.49414 Td [ (\051) -0.89936 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 3.87422 0 Td [ (\054) -341 (and) -322.99900 (a) -323.01000 (predicted) -322.99100 (tuple) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 94.56090 0 Td [ (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.59805 3.61602 Td [ (u) -0.39909 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.32070 -3.61602 Td [ (\075) -413.78100 (\050) -0.90181 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 15.73520 0 Td [ (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.59805 3.61602 Td [ (u) -0.39909 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 6.07813 TL (x) ' /R59 9.96260 Tf 5.20781 2.46211 Td [ (\073) -167.78800 (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 8.02617 3.61602 Td [ (u) -0.39909 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf (y) ' /R59 9.96260 Tf 5.20820 2.46211 Td [ (\073) -167.78800 (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 8.02578 3.61602 Td [ (u) -0.39909 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf (w) ' /R59 9.96260 Tf 5.53320 2.46211 Td [ (\073) -167.78800 (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 8.02500 3.61602 Td [ (u) -0.39909 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 6.35000 TL (h) ' /R42 9.96260 Tf 5.20898 2.73398 Td [ (\051) -0.90181 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 3.87383 0 Td (\054) Tj -233.75900 -11.95510 Td [ (ag) 5.01938 (ain) -370.00900 (for) -370.01800 (class) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 63.57190 0 Td [ (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 5.70313 0 Td [ (\056) -670.00300 (The) -370.01200 (Iv) 15.01830 (erson) -370.00800 (brack) 9.99588 (et) -370.01400 (indicator) -369.99200 (function) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf -69.27500 -11.95510 Td [ (\133) -0.80011 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 2.76680 0 Td [ (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 10.14730 0 Td [ <15> -0.79950 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 12.19300 0 Td [ (1\135) -0.80011 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.14410 0 Td [ (e) 25.01110 (v) 24.98110 (aluates) -340.99000 (to) -340.99000 (1) -340.99700 (when) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 84.46800 0 Td [ (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 10.14690 0 Td [ <15> -0.80011 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 12.19180 0 Td (1) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 8.37734 0 Td [ (and) -340.99700 (0) -340.99700 (otherwise\056) -581.99600 (By) ] TJ -151.43500 -11.95470 Td [ (con) 39.99880 (v) 14.98280 (ention) -252.99100 (the) -253.00900 (catch\055all) -253.01000 (background) -254.01300 (class) -253.00700 (is) -253.00400 (labeled) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 209.67400 0 Td [ (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 8.52930 0 Td [ (\075) -284.78300 (0) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 15.55590 0 Td (\056) Tj -233.75900 -11.95510 Td [ (F) 14.99200 (or) -352.99800 (background) -353.01600 (RoIs) -353.01800 (there) -352.02000 (is) -352.98600 (no) -352.99000 (notion) -353.00500 (of) -352.99700 (a) -353.00500 (ground\055truth) ] TJ 258.75000 629.03700 Td [ (bounding) -255.99400 (box) -255.00200 (and) -255.99200 (hence) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 100.39000 0 Td [ (L) -0.60284 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 6.78008 -1.49414 Td (loc) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.56720 1.49414 Td [ (is) -255.98200 (ignored\056) -326.98000 (F) 14.99260 (or) -255.01600 (bounding\055box) ] TJ -118.73700 -11.95510 Td [ (re) 15.00980 (gression\054) -250.00700 (we) -250 (use) -249.99000 (the) -249.99000 (loss) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 30.77700 -22.32500 Td [ (L) -0.60039 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 6.78008 -1.49414 Td (loc) Tj /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.01992 1.49414 Td [ (\050) -0.90181 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87500 0 Td [ (t) -0.09802 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.59687 4.11406 Td [ (u) -0.39909 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 5.20898 -4.11406 Td [ (\073) -167.78800 (v) -0.70086 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.61406 0 Td [ (\051) -278.90900 (\075) -0.79889 ] TJ /R108 9.96260 Tf 29.43590 9.46484 Td [ (X) -0.49992 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf -12.27770 -21.83480 Td [ (i) -0.19955 ] TJ /R110 6.97380 Tf 2.81875 0 Td [ (2) -0.80169 (f) -0.30107 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 9.45117 0 Td (x) Tj /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.48594 0 Td [ (\073) -0.30107 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 2.36719 0 Td (y) Tj /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.48594 0 Td [ (\073) -0.30107 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 2.36680 0 Td (w) Tj /R106 6.97380 Tf 5.03516 0 Td [ (\073) -0.30107 ] TJ /R32 6.97380 Tf 2.36602 0 Td (h) Tj /R110 6.97380 Tf 3.48711 0 Td [ (g) -0.30107 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 5.74180 12.36990 Td (smooth) Tj /R106 6.97380 Tf 29.34020 -1.49414 Td [ (L) -0.70017 ] TJ /R112 4.98130 Tf 5.46484 -0.99609 Td [ (1) -0.59794 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.38711 2.49023 Td [ (\050) -0.90181 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87383 0 Td [ (t) -0.10292 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 3.59805 4.11406 Td [ (u) -0.39909 ] TJ 6.57734 TL T* [ (i) -0.19605 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 7.42188 2.46328 Td [ <00> -0.80379 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 9.96328 0 Td [ (v) -0.70086 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 4.82891 -1.49414 Td [ (i) -0.19605 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 3.31680 1.49414 Td [ (\051) -0.90181 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87422 0 Td [ (\073) -0.80379 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 21.92890 0 Td (\0502\051) Tj -224.63400 -31.61090 Td [ (in) -249.98500 (which) ] TJ 36.75590 -27.28130 Td (smooth) Tj /R106 6.97380 Tf 29.33910 -1.49492 Td [ (L) -0.70017 ] TJ /R112 4.98130 Tf 5.46602 -0.99609 Td [ (1) -0.60284 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.38594 2.49102 Td [ (\050) -0.90181 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.87500 0 Td [ (x) -0.49992 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 5.69414 0 Td [ (\051) -278.90900 (\075) -0.79889 ] TJ /R108 9.96260 Tf 17.15700 17.03590 Td [ (\050) -0.60284 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 8.02578 -10.24180 Td (0) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.98125 0 Td [ (\072) -0.80379 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 2.76797 0 Td (5) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.98086 0 Td [ (x) -0.49992 ] TJ /R104 6.97380 Tf 5.69414 3.61602 Td [ (2) -0.49712 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 27.67380 -3.61602 Td (if) Tj /R38 9.96260 Tf 8.57813 0 Td [ (j) -0.80379 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 2.76680 0 Td [ (x) -0.49992 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 5.69414 0 Td [ (j) -0.80379 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 5.53516 0 Td [ (\074) -0.80379 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 10.51600 0 Td (1) Tj /R38 9.96260 Tf -79.18830 -14.34610 Td [ (j) -0.80379 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 2.76719 0 Td [ (x) -0.49992 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 5.69375 0 Td [ (j) -222.80100 <00> -0.80379 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 14.94410 0 Td (0) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.98203 0 Td [ (\072) -0.80379 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 2.76719 0 Td (5) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 14.94370 0 Td (otherwise) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 38.73400 0 Td [ (\073) -0.80379 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 29.10310 7.55195 Td (\0503\051) Tj -224.63400 -28.96880 Td [ (is) -298.99700 (a) -299.01400 (rob) 20.00400 (ust) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 44.71410 0 Td [ (L) -0.60039 ] TJ /R104 6.97380 Tf 6.77969 -1.49414 Td [ (1) -0.50062 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 7.44922 1.49414 Td [ (loss) -298.98400 (that) -298.99400 (is) -298.99400 (less) -298.99400 (sensiti) 25.01050 (v) 14.98280 (e) -299.01400 (to) -299 (outliers) -299.01900 (than) -298.99400 (the) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf -58.94300 -11.95510 Td [ (L) -0.60039 ] TJ /R104 6.97380 Tf 6.78008 -1.49414 Td [ (2) -0.50062 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 7.60078 1.49414 Td [ (loss) -314.00200 (used) -314.99400 (in) -314.01400 (R\055CNN) -313.99700 (and) -315.00100 (SPPnet\056) -503 (When) -313.98200 (the) -314.01600 (re) 15.00730 (gression) ] TJ -14.38090 -11.95510 Td [ (tar) 17.99700 (gets) -413.99500 (are) -415.00200 (unbounded\054) -454.98300 (training) -415 (with) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 155.07000 0 Td [ (L) -0.60284 ] TJ /R104 6.97380 Tf 6.78008 -1.49414 Td [ (2) -0.49712 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 8.59883 1.49414 Td [ (loss) -413.98500 (can) -414.99400 (require) ] TJ -170.44900 -11.95510 Td [ (careful) -196.99400 (tuning) -196.99200 (of) -196.98400 (learning) -197.00900 (rates) -196.98700 (in) -197.01600 (order) -198.00600 (to) -197.01600 (pre) 25.01050 (v) 14.98280 (ent) -197.01600 (e) 15.01220 (xploding) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (gradients\056) -310 (Eq\056) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 367.01400 540.07600 Tm (3) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 374.48600 540.07600 Tm [ (eliminates) -249.99700 (this) -250.01200 (sensiti) 25.01050 (vity) 64.99410 (\056) ] TJ -53.66840 -11.95510 Td [ (The) -263.99000 (h) 4.98446 (yper) 20 (\055parameter) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 86.34100 0 Td [ <15> -0.29897 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 8.44375 0 Td [ (in) -263.98500 (Eq\056) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 442.18200 528.12100 Tm (1) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 449.79300 528.12100 Tm [ (controls) -264.00500 (the) -263.98500 (balance) -265.01500 (be\055) ] TJ -140.93100 -11.95590 Td [ (tween) -322.01700 (the) -322.01700 (tw) 10.00810 (o) -321.98100 (task) -322.01000 (losses\056) -526 (W) 79.98660 (e) -321.99000 (normalize) -322.00500 (the) -322.01500 (ground\055truth) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (re) 15.00980 (gression) -335.99500 (tar) 17.99700 (gets) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 73.86990 0 Td [ (v) -0.70086 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 4.82891 -1.49375 Td [ (i) -0.19955 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 6.66406 1.49375 Td [ (to) -336.01000 (ha) 19.99670 (v) 14.98280 (e) -335.98800 (zero) -335.98800 (mean) -336.01300 (and) -334.99800 (unit) -335.99800 (v) 24.98110 (ariance\056) ] TJ -85.36290 -11.95470 Td [ (All) -250.02000 (e) 15.01220 (xperiments) -250 (use) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 82.03090 0 Td [ <15> -0.29897 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 8.57891 0 Td [ (\075) -278.78400 (1) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 15.49800 0 Td (\056) Tj -94.15270 -11.95510 Td [ (W) 79.98660 (e) -458.00700 (note) -459.00900 (that) -457.98700 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 382.96400 480.30000 Tm (6) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 387.94500 480.30000 Tm [ (\135) -458.98500 (uses) -457.98700 (a) -458.98700 (related) -457.99700 (loss) -458.01700 (to) -459.01200 (train) -457.99200 (a) -458.98700 (class\055) ] TJ -79.08320 -11.95510 Td [ (agnostic) -357.99200 (object) -358.00400 (proposal) -357.99400 (netw) 10.00810 (ork\056) -634.00200 (Dif) 24.98110 (ferent) -357.98400 (from) -358.00900 (our) -358.01400 (ap\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (proach\054) -336.01700 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 345.12600 456.38900 Tm (6) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 350.10700 456.38900 Tm [ (\135) -317.98900 (adv) 20.00160 (ocates) -319 (for) -317.98600 (a) -319.01000 (tw) 10.00810 (o\055netw) 10.01300 (ork) -319 (system) -317.99100 (that) -318.99100 (sepa\055) ] TJ -41.24530 -11.95510 Td [ (rates) -239.99700 (localization) -240.98400 (and) -239.99400 <636c6173736902636174696f6e2e> -306.99800 (Ov) 14.98770 (erFeat) -239.99400 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 495.93000 444.43400 Tm (19) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 505.89200 444.43400 Tm [ (\135\054) -243.01800 (R\055CNN) ] TJ -197.03000 -11.95510 Td (\133) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 312.18000 432.47900 Tm (9) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 317.16100 432.47900 Tm [ (\135\054) -234.98000 (and) -231.01500 (SPPnet) -231.98800 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 376.41800 432.47900 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 386.38100 432.47900 Tm [ (\135) -230.98400 (also) -231.98600 (train) -231.01000 <636c6173736902657273> -230.99100 (and) -231.99600 (bounding\055box) ] TJ -77.51870 -11.95510 Td [ (localizers\054) -328.98900 (ho) 24.98600 (we) 25.01300 (v) 14.98280 (er) -313.01400 (these) -312.99700 (methods) -313.01200 (use) -314.02100 (stage\055wise) -312.98700 (training\054) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (which) -201.01100 (we) -200.98900 (sho) 24.99340 (w) -202.00300 (is) -201.01300 (suboptimal) -201.01100 (for) -200.98600 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -201.01500 (R\055CNN) -202.01500 (\050S) 0.99003 (ection) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 526.85400 408.56900 Tm (5\0561) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 539.30700 408.56900 Tm (\051\056) Tj /R30 9.96260 Tf -230.44500 -26.30000 Td [ (Mini\055batch) -604.00500 (sampling) 15 (\056) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 104.68200 0 Td [ (During) -605.01700 <026e652d> 0.99003 (tuning\054) -694.00200 (each) -603.98700 (SGD) ] TJ -104.68200 -11.95630 Td [ (mini\055batch) -267.99700 (is) -267.00200 (constructed) -268.00900 (from) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 125.77200 0 Td [ (N) -0.49992 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 12.18320 0 Td [ (\075) -310.82100 (2) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 18.48910 0 Td [ (images\054) -272.00900 (chosen) -267.98000 (uni\055) ] TJ -156.44400 -11.95470 Td [ (formly) -276.01000 (at) -275.99100 (random) -274.99300 (\050as) -275.99600 (is) -276.02000 (common) -275.99800 (practice\054) -281.99200 (we) -275.99300 (actually) -276.01300 (iter) 20.00160 (\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (ate) -279.99500 (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (er) -278.98000 (permutations) -279.98300 (of) 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-11.95510 -11.95470 Td [ (ject) -275.00700 (detection\072) -359.00700 (\0501\051) -275.01400 (via) -273.98600 (\223brute) -275.00800 (force\224) -274.98800 (learning) -274.99600 (and) -273.98900 (\0502\051) -275.01500 (by) -275.00300 (us\055) ] TJ T* [ (ing) -373.99900 (image) -374.98000 (p) 10.00320 (yramids\056) -682.99300 (These) -374.99000 (strate) 14.98650 (gies) -374.00100 (follo) 24.99830 (w) -374.99400 (the) -374.00900 (tw) 10.00810 (o) -374.99100 (ap\055) ] TJ T* [ (proaches) -319.98100 (in) -320.01300 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 102.96400 302.75500 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 112.92600 302.75500 Tm [ (\135\056) -519.99300 (In) -319.98500 (the) -320.01800 (brute\055force) -319.99000 (approach\054) -338.01500 (each) -319.99300 (image) ] TJ -62.81410 -11.95590 Td [ (is) -259.98200 (processed) -261.00400 (at) -259.99300 (a) -261.02000 <7072652d6465026e6564> -259.98100 (pix) 14.99500 (el) -259.99300 (size) -261.01000 (during) -260.01100 (both) -260.99300 (training) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (and) -233.99500 (testing\056) -305.01200 (The) -233.99500 (netw) 10.00940 (ork) -233.99300 (must) -234.00900 (directly) -235 (learn) -234 (scale\055in) 40.00310 (v) 24.98110 (ariant) ] TJ T* [ (object) -249.98200 (detection) -250.01300 (from) -249.98600 (the) -249.99000 (training) -250.00700 (data\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (The) -305.98400 (multi\055scale) -307.01100 (approach\054) -320.01900 (in) -306.99500 (contrast\054) -320.00300 (pro) 14.98520 (vides) -306.98800 (approx\055) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95470 Td [ (imate) -471.00200 (scal) 0.98452 (e\055in) 39.99820 (v) 24.98110 (ariance) -470.98900 (to) -471.00700 (the) -469.99300 (netw) 10.00940 (ork) -471.01200 (through) -470.01000 (an) -471.01900 (image) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (p) 10.00320 (yramid\056) -720.01200 (At) -386.00400 (test\055time\054) -420.99000 (the) -386.98700 (image) -385.99800 (p) 10.00320 (yramid) -387.01100 (is) -386.00200 (used) -386.98200 (to) -386.98200 (ap\055) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (proximately) -311.98500 (scale\055normalize) -312.98900 (each) -311.99600 (object) -312.99200 (pr) 0.98268 (o) -1.01454 (pos) 0.99738 (al\056) -497.99000 (During) ] TJ T* [ (multi\055scale) -327.00800 (training\054) -347.00800 (we) -327.00500 (randomly) -327.99200 (sample) -326.98200 (a) -327.00900 (p) 10.00320 (yramid) -328.00200 (scale) ] TJ T* [ (each) -238.98800 (time) -238.99700 (an) -239.01800 (image) -237.98400 (is) -239.00500 (sampled\054) -240.98900 (follo) 24.99710 (wing) -239 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 220.66200 195.15800 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 230.62400 195.15800 Tm [ (\135\054) -241.01900 (as) -239.01600 (a) -238.98500 (form) -239.00900 (of) ] TJ -180.51200 -11.95510 Td [ (data) -327 (augmentation\056) -540.01900 (W) 79.98790 (e) -327.00900 (e) 15.01220 (xperiment) -325.99500 (with) -326.98200 (multi\055scale) -327.00700 (train\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (ing) -250.02000 (for) -249.99900 (smaller) -250.01600 (netw) 10.00940 (orks) -249.98500 (only) 64.99160 (\054) -249.99500 (due) -249.99100 (to) -249.98500 (GPU) -250.01700 (memory) -250.01000 (limits\056) ] TJ /R30 11.95520 Tf 23.49800 TL T* [ (3\056) -249.99000 (F) 24.99060 (ast) -250 (R\055CNN) -249.99800 (detection) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 -18.92890 Td [ (Once) -462.98200 (a) -462.00600 (F) 14.99200 (ast) -463.01200 (R\055CNN) -462.99100 (netw) 10.00940 (ork) -461.99400 (is) -463.00700 <026e652d74756e65642c> -516 (detection) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95590 Td [ (amounts) -259.99900 (to) -259.00300 (little) -260.00300 (more) -259.98600 (than) -259.98400 (running) -258.98600 (a) -260 (forw) 10 (ard) -259.99800 (pass) -259.98400 (\050assum\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (ing) -264.01700 (object) -263 (proposals) -264.00300 (are) -264.00700 (pre\055computed\051\056) -351.01500 (The) -263.99000 (netw) 10.00810 (ork) -263.98800 (tak) 10.00570 (es) ] TJ T* [ (as) -315.00400 (input) -313.99700 (an) -315.00600 (image) -314.99000 (\050or) -313.98800 (an) -315.00500 (image) -314.99000 (p) 10.00320 (yramid\054) -331.01800 (encoded) -314.01900 (as) -315.00400 (a) -315.01100 (list) ] TJ T* [ (of) -386.99200 (images\051) -387.01500 (and) -386.00800 (a) -387 (list) -387.00500 (of) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 102.25500 0 Td [ (R) -0.30019 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.49570 0 Td [ (object) -387.01800 (proposals) -387.00200 (to) -386.00200 (score\056) -721.01400 (At) ] TJ 144.99900 629.03700 Td (test\055time\054) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 39.62190 0 Td [ (R) -0.29897 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.84688 0 Td [ (is) -221.01000 (typically) -222.00700 (around) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 75.79610 0 Td (2000) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 19.92500 0 Td [ (\054) -227.01600 (although) -220.98800 (we) -222.00200 (will) -220.99700 (con\055) ] TJ -145.19000 -11.95510 Td [ (sider) -358.00900 (cases) -357 (in) -358.00600 (which) -356.98500 (it) -358.00400 (is) -356.98500 (lar) 17.99700 (ger) -357.98400 (\050) ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 135.97600 0 Td [ (\031) -0.80379 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 11.31090 0 Td (45) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.96328 0 Td [ (k\051\056) -632.98700 (When) -356.99400 (using) -357.98900 (an) ] TJ -157.25000 -11.95510 Td [ (image) -290.99600 (p) 10.00320 (yramid\054) -302.00400 (each) -291.01800 (RoI) -290.99600 (is) -290.99600 (assigned) -290.98600 (to) -291 (the) -291 (scale) -291.99000 (such) -291 (that) ] TJ T* [ (the) -249.99000 (scaled) -249.99300 (RoI) -249.98300 (is) -249.98500 (closest) -250.01500 (to) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 108.47200 0 Td (224) Tj /R104 6.97380 Tf 14.94410 3.61484 Td [ (2) -0.49712 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 6.95977 -3.61484 Td [ (pix) 14.99750 (els) -249.98800 (in) -249.98800 (area) -250.01200 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 498.01700 674.17200 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 507.98000 674.17200 Tm (\135\056) Tj -187.16200 -11.95630 Td [ (F) 14.99260 (or) -422.00600 (each) -420.99600 (test) -421.99100 (RoI) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 77.51800 0 Td [ (r) -0.19850 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 4.77070 0 Td [ (\054) -463.99900 (the) -421.99800 (forw) 9.99833 (ard) -420.99300 (pass) -421.99300 (outputs) -420.98900 (a) -422.01300 (class) ] TJ -94.24380 -11.95510 Td [ (posterior) -389.98900 (probability) -390.00600 (distrib) 19.99180 (ution) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 136.55300 0 Td [ (p) -0.10292 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 8.90000 0 Td [ (and) -390.00800 (a) -390.01800 (set) -390.98400 (of) -390.01300 (predicted) ] TJ -145.45300 -11.95470 Td [ (bounding\055box) -370.00200 (of) 25.01790 (fsets) -370.00400 (relati) 24.98600 (v) 14.98280 (e) -369.00200 (to) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 134.17700 0 Td [ (r) -0.20095 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 8.45508 0 Td [ (\050each) -369.98700 (of) -370.01700 (the) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 53.09380 0 Td [ (K) -0.29897 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 12.85820 0 Td (classes) Tj -208.58400 -11.95510 Td [ (gets) -261.98100 (its) -262.99500 (o) 24.98110 (wn) -261.98800 <7265026e6564> -261.98300 (bounding\055box) -261.98100 (prediction\051\056) -347.01100 (W) 79.98660 (e) -262 (assign) -262.99000 (a) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (detection) -312.98200 <636f6e0264656e6365> -312.98900 (to) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 96.79180 0 Td [ (r) -0.20095 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 7.89102 0 Td [ (for) -313.00700 (each) -313.01600 (object) -314.01100 (clas) 0.98513 (s) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 86.06410 0 Td [ (k) -0.59794 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 8.61992 0 Td [ (using) -313.01600 (the) ] TJ -199.36700 -14.56290 Td [ (estimated) -383.98200 (probability) -384.98700 (Pr) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 98.42700 0 Td [ (\050) -0.90181 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 3.87500 0 Td (class) Tj /R42 9.96260 Tf 24.61290 0 Td [ (\075) -0.80379 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 12.99490 0 Td [ (k) -0.59794 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 9.33008 0 Td [ (j) -0.80379 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 6.59687 0 Td [ (r) -0.20095 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.77109 0 Td [ (\051) -0.90181 ] TJ /R104 6.97380 Tf 9.72305 5.64766 Td [ <01> -0.50412 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf -0.60195 -5.64766 Td [ (\075) -0.80379 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 12.99490 0 Td [ (p) -0.10292 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 5.01289 -1.49414 Td [ (k) -0.30107 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 4.90195 1.49414 Td [ (\056) -713.01300 (W) 79.98660 (e) -384.01900 (then) ] TJ -192.63900 -11.95510 Td [ (perform) -243.99100 (non\055maximum) -242.99600 (suppression) -243.99400 (independently) -243.01300 (for) -243.99900 (each) ] TJ T* [ (class) -249.98800 (using) -250.00700 (the) -249.99000 (algorithm) -249.99500 (and) -249.99300 (settings) -249.99700 (from) -249.98800 (R\055CNN) -250.00700 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 519.17200 575.92300 Tm (9) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 524.15400 575.92300 Tm (\135\056) Tj /R30 10.95890 Tf -215.29100 -19.90200 Td [ (3\0561\056) -250.00400 (T) 74.01810 (runcated) -250.01100 (SVD) -249.99100 (f) 24.99570 (or) -249.98400 (faster) -250.01500 (detection) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95470 -17.93320 Td [ (F) 14.99260 (or) -329.98200 (whole\055image) -331.01600 <636c6173736902636174696f6e2c> -350.01000 (the) -330.99400 (time) -329.99900 (spent) -330.98400 (comput\055) ] TJ -11.95470 -11.95470 Td [ (ing) -219.98500 (the) -219.99500 (fully) -221 (connected) -219.99300 (layers) -219.99800 (is) -219.98800 (small) -220.01200 (compared) -219.99300 (to) -221.01200 (the) -219.99300 (con) 39.99820 (v) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (layers\056) -570.01300 (On) -336.01500 (the) -336.99500 (contrary) 65.01610 (\054) -358.01600 (for) -337.00300 (detect) 0.98513 (ion) -336.98300 (the) -336.99300 (number) -336.00300 (of) -337.00300 (RoIs) ] TJ T* [ (to) -280.01900 (process) -279.98300 (is) -280.01900 (lar) 17.99700 (ge) -279.99200 (and) -279.98800 (nearly) -279.98800 (half) -279.98800 (of) -281.01200 (the) -279.98300 (forw) 9.99833 (ard) -279.99700 (pass) -280.01700 (time) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (is) -314.01400 (spent) -314.00600 (computing) -314.99900 (the) -314.01900 (fully) -314.00600 (connected) -314.01600 (layers) -313.98200 (\050see) -313.99200 (Fig\056) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 534.32600 490.26700 Tm (2) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 539.30700 490.26700 Tm (\051\056) Tj -230.44500 -11.95510 Td [ (Lar) 17.99450 (ge) -245.01800 (fully) -246.01500 (connected) -245.00800 (layers) -245.01300 (are) -246.00800 (easily) -245.00300 (accelerated) -244.99300 (by) -245.98800 (com\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (pressing) -250.01000 (them) -250.01700 (with) -250.01500 (truncated) -249.98300 (SVD) -250.01700 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 452.47300 466.35700 Tm (5) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 457.45500 466.35700 Tm (\054) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 462.43600 466.35700 Tm (23) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 472.39800 466.35700 Tm (\135\056) Tj -151.58200 -11.95510 Td [ (In) -398.99000 (this) -399.98700 (technique\054) -435.98100 (a) -400.01700 (layer) -398.99200 (parameterized) -398.98700 (by) -400.00200 (the) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 199.02400 0 Td [ (u) -0.49992 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 9.01992 0 Td [ <02> -0.80379 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 11.06410 0 Td [ (v) -0.70086 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf -231.06300 -11.95470 Td [ (weight) -250.01500 (matrix) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 58.11090 0 Td [ (W) -0.40189 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 13.28400 0 Td [ (is) -249.98500 (approximately) -249.99300 (f) 9.99343 (actorized) -249.99300 (as) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 18.24490 -21.86020 Td [ (W) -0.40189 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 13.56090 0 Td [ (\031) -0.80379 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 10.51600 0 Td [ (U) -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 7.88789 0 Td [ <06> -0.19605 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 7.19531 -1.49492 Td [ (t) -0.60214 ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 3.50781 1.49492 Td [ (V) -0.29897 ] TJ /R106 6.97380 Tf 8.02500 4.11289 Td [ (T) -0.79819 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 84.30120 -4.11289 Td (\0505\051) Tj -224.63400 -21.86090 Td [ (using) -292.98100 (SVD\056) -292.00800 (In) -293.00700 (this) -292.98500 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7.09888 Tf 37.49220 0 Td (38\0563) Tj /R30 7.09888 Tf 19.68280 0 Td [ (81\0566) -758.97800 (78\0566) -758.97800 (86\0567) ] TJ /R32 7.09888 Tf 54.31210 0 Td (42\0568) Tj /R30 7.09888 Tf 18.69220 0 Td [ (78\0568) -855.98900 (68\0569) -854.99900 (84\0567) -966.97700 (82\0560) -1336.97000 (76\0566) -1336.97000 (69\0569) ] TJ /R32 7.09888 Tf 120.27800 0 Td (31\0568) Tj /R30 7.09888 Tf 20.56760 0 Td [ (70\0561) -1022 (74\0568) -799.97200 (80\0564) ] TJ /R32 7.09888 Tf 55.88670 0 Td (70\0564) Tj ET Q 5257.09000 6494.22000 m 5257.09000 6610.80000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 653.13000 Tm (70\0560) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf -479.53400 -16.16050 Td [ (T) 79.98130 (able) -288.99800 (1\056) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 31.60000 0 Td [ (V) 44.99350 (OC) -289.01400 (2007) -288.01200 (test) ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 58.65590 0 Td [ (detection) -289 (a) 20.02100 (v) 14.98650 (erage) -287.99500 (precision) -289 (\050\045\051\056) -426.00400 (All) -288.00300 (methods) -289.01000 (use) -287.98100 (V) 15.01920 (GG16\056) -425.98000 (T) 35.02120 (raining) -288.98600 (set) -288.01600 (k) 10.02000 (e) 15.01370 (y\072) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 280.83300 0 Td (07) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 8.96680 0 Td [ (\072) -386.98100 (V) 39.98220 (OC07) -289.00800 (train) 40.02030 (v) 25.00660 (al\054) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 67.81290 0 Td (07) Tj /R159 8.96640 Tf 11.55510 0 Td [ (n) -0.89854 ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 7.19492 0 Td (diff) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 13.45040 0 Td (\072) Tj /R30 8.96640 Tf 5.96484 0 Td (07) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf -486.03400 -10.95900 Td [ (without) -250.00600 (\223dif) 24.98270 <0263756c7494> -249.98000 (e) 15.01100 (xamples\054) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 106.23200 0 Td (07\05312) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 23.04370 0 Td [ (\072) -310.00200 (union) -250.01400 (of) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 37.64920 0 Td (07) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 11.20780 0 Td [ (and) -249.99700 (V) 39.98220 (OC12) -250.01900 (train) 40.02030 (v) 25.00660 (al\056) ] TJ /R161 5.97760 Tf 76.79730 3.80898 Td [ (y) -0.09802 ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 3.92969 -3.80898 Td [ (SPPnet) -250.02200 (results) -249.98400 (were) -249.99700 (prepared) -250.02200 (by) -249.97800 (the) -249.98900 (authors) -250 (of) -249.99500 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 481.79000 626.01000 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 490.75700 626.01000 Tm (\135\056) Tj /R32 7.88759 Tf -438.67300 -22.14690 Td (method) Tj ET Q 1110.41000 6004.57000 m 1110.41000 6121.14000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 603.86300 Tm [ (train) -249.98000 (set) ] TJ ET Q 1436.73000 6004.57000 m 1436.73000 6121.14000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.75300 604.16300 Tm (aero) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.09570 0 Td [ (bik) 9.97352 (e) -847.02700 (bird) -842.01800 (boat) -773.00300 (bottle) -949.01800 (b) 20.00550 (us) -1213.99000 (car) -1315 (cat) -1051.01000 (chair) -813.01000 (co) 25.00600 (w) -814.00400 (table) -882.97600 (dog) -884.01500 (horse) -758.97800 (mbik) 10.01130 (e) -757.99400 (persn) -758.97800 (plant) -759.01900 (sheep) -806.01200 (sof) 9.98727 (a) -804.98700 (train) -1245 (tv) ] TJ ET Q 5257.09000 6004.57000 m 5257.09000 6121.14000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 528.55900 604.16300 Tm (mAP) Tj ET Q 520.84000 6002.98000 m 5431.55000 6002.98000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 52.08400 591.89000 Tm (BabyLearning) Tj ET Q 1110.41000 5884.82000 m 1110.41000 6001.41000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 591.89000 Tm (Prop\056) Tj ET Q 1436.73000 5884.82000 m 1436.73000 6001.41000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.52500 592.19000 Tm (77\0567) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.18870 0 Td [ (73\0568) -758.97900 (62\0563) -758.97900 (48\0568) -1022 (45\0564) -1022.99000 (67\0563) -758.97800 (67\0560) -757.98700 (80\0563) -883.99800 (41\0563) -883.00700 (70\0568) -855.98900 (49\0567) -854.99900 (79\0565) -966.97700 (74\0567) -1336.97000 (78\0566) -1335.98000 (64\0565) -1092 (36\0560) -1147.02000 (69\0569) -1022.99000 (55\0567) -799.97200 (70\0564) -799.97200 (61\0567) ] TJ ET Q 5257.09000 5884.82000 m 5257.09000 6001.41000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 592.19000 Tm (63\0568) Tj /R32 7.88759 Tf -477.56200 -11.95740 Td [ (R\055CNN) -249.99600 (BB) -249.97500 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 93.71450 580.23300 Tm (10) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 101.60200 580.23300 Tm (\135) Tj ET Q 1110.41000 5768.25000 m 1110.41000 5884.83000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 580.23300 Tm (12) Tj ET Q 1436.73000 5768.25000 m 1436.73000 5884.83000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.52500 580.53200 Tm (79\0563) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.18870 0 Td [ (72\0564) -758.97900 (63\0561) -758.97900 (44\0560) -1022 (44\0564) -1022.99000 (64\0566) -758.97800 (66\0563) -757.98700 (84\0569) -883.99800 (38\0568) -883.00700 (67\0563) -855.98900 (48\0564) -854.99900 (82\0563) -966.97700 (75\0560) -1336.97000 (76\0567) -1335.98000 (65\0567) -1092 (35\0568) -1147.02000 (66\0562) -1022.99000 (54\0568) -799.97200 (69\0561) -799.97200 (58\0568) ] TJ ET Q 5257.09000 5768.25000 m 5257.09000 5884.83000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 580.53200 Tm (62\0569) Tj /R32 7.88759 Tf -477.56200 -11.95740 Td [ (Se) 15.01740 (gDeepM) ] TJ ET Q 1110.41000 5651.67000 m 1110.41000 5768.25000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 568.57500 Tm [ (12\053se) 14.99490 (g) ] TJ ET Q 1436.73000 5651.67000 m 1436.73000 5768.25000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.52500 568.87400 Tm (82\0563) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.18870 0 Td [ (75\0562) -758.97900 (67\0561) -758.97900 (50\0567) ] TJ /R30 7.09888 Tf 55.30200 0 Td (49\0568) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.68280 0 Td [ (71\0561) -758.97800 (69\0566) -758.97800 (88\0562) -883.00700 (42\0565) -883.00700 (71\0562) -855.98900 (50\0560) -854.99900 (85\0567) -966.97700 (76\0566) -1336.97000 (81\0568) -1336.97000 (69\0563) ] TJ /R30 7.09888 Tf 193.28200 0 Td [ (41\0565) -1147.02000 (71\0569) ] TJ /R32 7.09888 Tf 40.24650 0 Td [ (62\0562) -799.97200 (73\0562) ] TJ /R30 7.09888 Tf 36.20780 0 Td (64\0566) Tj ET Q 5257.09000 5651.67000 m 5257.09000 5768.25000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 568.87400 Tm (67\0562) Tj ET Q 520.84000 5650.09000 m 5431.55000 5650.09000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 52.08400 556.60200 Tm [ (FRCN) -249.99200 (\133ours\135) ] TJ ET Q 1110.41000 5531.94000 m 1110.41000 5648.52000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 556.60200 Tm (12) Tj ET Q 1436.73000 5531.94000 m 1436.73000 5648.52000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.52500 556.90100 Tm (80\0561) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.18870 0 Td [ (74\0564) -758.97900 (67\0567) -758.97900 (49\0564) -1022 (41\0564) -1022.99000 (74\0562) -758.97800 (68\0568) -757.98700 (87\0568) -883.99800 (41\0569) -883.00700 (70\0561) -855.98900 (50\0562) -854.99900 (86\0561) -966.97700 (77\0563) -1336.97000 (81\0561) -1335.98000 (70\0564) -1092 (33\0563) -1147.02000 (67\0560) -1022.99000 (63\0563) -799.97200 (77\0562) -799.97200 (60\0560) ] TJ ET Q 5257.09000 5531.94000 m 5257.09000 5648.52000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 556.90100 Tm (66\0561) Tj /R32 7.88759 Tf -477.56200 -11.95740 Td [ (FRCN) -249.99200 (\133ours\135) ] TJ ET Q 1110.41000 5415.36000 m 1110.41000 5531.94000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 544.94300 Tm (07\053\05312) Tj ET Q 1436.73000 5415.36000 m 1436.73000 5531.94000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.52500 545.24300 Tm (82\0560) Tj /R30 7.09888 Tf 19.18870 0 Td [ (77\0568) -758.97900 (71\0566) -758.97900 (55\0563) ] TJ /R32 7.09888 Tf 55.30200 0 Td (42\0564) Tj /R30 7.09888 Tf 19.68280 0 Td [ (77\0563) -758.97800 (71\0567) -758.97800 (89\0563) -883.00700 (44\0565) -883.00700 (72\0561) -855.98900 (53\0567) -854.99900 (87\0567) -966.97700 (80\0560) -1336.97000 (82\0565) -1336.97000 (72\0567) ] TJ /R32 7.09888 Tf 193.28200 0 Td [ (36\0566) -1147.02000 (68\0567) ] TJ /R30 7.09888 Tf 40.24650 0 Td [ (65\0564) -799.97200 (81\0561) ] TJ /R32 7.09888 Tf 36.20780 0 Td (62\0567) Tj ET Q 5257.09000 5415.36000 m 5257.09000 5531.94000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 545.24300 Tm (68\0568) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf -479.53400 -16.16020 Td [ (T) 79.98130 (able) -313.00300 (2\056) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 32.03200 0 Td [ (V) 44.99350 (OC) -313.01900 (2010) -312.01700 (test) ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 59.30470 0 Td [ (detection) -313.00400 (a) 20.02100 (v) 14.98650 (erage) -312 (precision) -313.00400 (\050\045\051\056) -498.01800 (BabyLearning) -312.98500 (uses) -312.98500 (a) -311.99100 (netw) 10 (ork) -312.98800 (based) -313.00700 (on) -313.01800 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 412.52100 529.08300 Tm (17) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 421.48800 529.08300 Tm [ (\135\056) -497.99100 (All) -312.00500 (other) -312.99600 (methods) -313.01800 (use) -312.99000 (V) 15.01920 (GG16\056) ] TJ -371.37500 -10.95900 Td [ (T) 35.02180 (raining) -294.99700 (set) -294.98700 (k) 10.02000 (e) 15.01100 (y\072) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 64.61680 0 Td (12) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 8.96602 0 Td [ (\072) -400.00800 (V) 39.98350 (OC12) -294.97900 (train) 40.02160 (v) 25.00660 (al\054) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 68.05310 0 Td [ (Pr) 18.01290 (op\056) ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 21.00780 0 Td [ (\072) -400.01000 (proprietary) -295 (dataset\054) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 78.44530 0 Td (12\053seg) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 26.02890 0 Td (\072) Tj /R30 8.96640 Tf 6.07813 0 Td (12) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 11.60980 0 Td [ (with) -295.01700 (se) 15.01650 (gmentation) -294.98400 (annotations\054) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 115.24400 0 Td (07\053\05312) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 28.15390 0 Td [ (\072) -400.00700 (union) -295.02000 (of) -294.99800 (V) 39.98220 (OC07) ] TJ -428.20400 -10.95900 Td [ (train) 40.02160 (v) 25.00660 (al\054) -250.01000 (V) 39.98350 (OC07) -250.01900 (test\054) -249.99600 (and) -249.99700 (V) 39.98350 (OC12) -250.01900 (train) 40.02160 (v) 25.00660 (al\056) ] TJ /R32 7.88759 Tf 1.97188 -21.46990 Td (method) Tj ET Q 1110.41000 4822.88000 m 1110.41000 4939.46000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 485.69500 Tm [ (train) -249.98000 (set) ] TJ ET Q 1436.73000 4822.88000 m 1436.73000 4939.46000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.75300 485.99500 Tm (aero) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.09570 0 Td [ (bik) 9.97352 (e) -847.02700 (bird) -842.01800 (boat) -773.00300 (bottle) -949.01800 (b) 20.00550 (us) -1213.99000 (car) -1315 (cat) -1051.01000 (chair) -813.01000 (co) 25.00600 (w) -814.00400 (table) -882.97600 (dog) -884.01500 (horse) -758.97800 (mbik) 10.01130 (e) -757.99400 (persn) -758.97800 (plant) -759.01900 (sheep) -806.01200 (sof) 9.98727 (a) -804.98700 (train) -1245 (tv) ] TJ ET Q 5257.09000 4822.88000 m 5257.09000 4939.46000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 528.55900 485.99500 Tm (mAP) Tj ET Q 520.84000 4821.30000 m 5431.55000 4821.30000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 52.08400 473.72200 Tm (BabyLearning) Tj ET Q 1110.41000 4703.14000 m 1110.41000 4819.73000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 473.72200 Tm (Prop\056) Tj ET Q 1436.73000 4703.14000 m 1436.73000 4819.73000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.52500 474.02200 Tm (78\0560) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.18870 0 Td [ (74\0562) -758.97900 (61\0563) -758.97900 (45\0567) -1022 (42\0567) -1022.99000 (68\0562) -758.97800 (66\0568) -757.98700 (80\0562) -883.99800 (40\0566) -883.00700 (70\0560) -855.98900 (49\0568) -854.99900 (79\0560) -966.97700 (74\0565) -1336.97000 (77\0569) -1335.98000 (64\0560) -1092 (35\0563) -1147.02000 (67\0569) -1022.99000 (55\0567) -799.97200 (68\0567) -799.97200 (62\0566) ] TJ ET Q 5257.09000 4703.14000 m 5257.09000 4819.73000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 474.02200 Tm (63\0562) Tj /R32 7.88759 Tf -477.56200 -11.95820 Td (NUS) Tj ET Q 683.32000 4622.22000 m 706.98400 4622.22000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 70.69840 462.06400 Tm (NIN) Tj ET Q 851.88300 4622.22000 m 875.54700 4622.22000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 87.55390 462.06400 Tm (c2000) Tj ET Q 1110.41000 4586.57000 m 1110.41000 4703.15000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 462.06400 Tm (Unk\056) Tj ET Q 1436.73000 4586.57000 m 1436.73000 4703.15000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.52500 462.36400 Tm (80\0562) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.18870 0 Td [ (73\0568) -758.97900 (61\0569) -758.97900 (43\0567) ] TJ /R30 7.09888 Tf 55.30200 0 Td (43\0560) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.68280 0 Td [ (70\0563) -758.97800 (67\0566) -758.97800 (80\0567) -883.00700 (41\0569) -883.00700 (69\0567) -855.98900 (51\0567) -854.99900 (78\0562) -966.97700 (75\0562) -1336.97000 (76\0569) -1336.97000 (65\0561) ] TJ /R30 7.09888 Tf 193.28200 0 Td [ (38\0566) -1147.02000 (68\0563) ] TJ /R32 7.09888 Tf 40.24650 0 Td [ (58\0560) -799.97200 (68\0567) -799.97200 (63\0563) ] TJ ET Q 5257.09000 4586.57000 m 5257.09000 4703.15000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 462.36400 Tm (63\0568) Tj /R32 7.88759 Tf -477.56200 -11.95740 Td [ (R\055CNN) -249.99600 (BB) -249.97500 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 93.71450 450.40700 Tm (10) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 101.60200 450.40700 Tm (\135) Tj ET Q 1110.41000 4469.99000 m 1110.41000 4586.57000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 450.40700 Tm (12) Tj ET Q 1436.73000 4469.99000 m 1436.73000 4586.57000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.52500 450.70600 Tm (79\0566) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.18870 0 Td [ (72\0567) -758.97900 (61\0569) -758.97900 (41\0562) -1022 (41\0569) -1022.99000 (65\0569) -758.97800 (66\0564) -757.98700 (84\0566) -883.99800 (38\0565) -883.00700 (67\0562) -855.98900 (46\0567) -854.99900 (82\0560) -966.97700 (74\0568) -1336.97000 (76\0560) -1335.98000 (65\0562) -1092 (35\0566) -1147.02000 (65\0564) -1022.99000 (54\0562) -799.97200 (67\0564) -799.97200 (60\0563) ] TJ ET Q 5257.09000 4469.99000 m 5257.09000 4586.57000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 450.70600 Tm (62\0564) Tj ET Q 520.84000 4468.41000 m 5431.55000 4468.41000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 52.08400 438.43400 Tm [ (FRCN) -249.99200 (\133ours\135) ] TJ ET Q 1110.41000 4350.26000 m 1110.41000 4466.84000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 438.43400 Tm (12) Tj ET Q 1436.73000 4350.26000 m 1436.73000 4466.84000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.52500 438.73300 Tm (80\0563) Tj /R32 7.09888 Tf 19.18870 0 Td [ (74\0567) -758.97900 (66\0569) -758.97900 (46\0569) -1022 (37\0567) -1022.99000 (73\0569) -758.97800 (68\0566) -757.98700 (87\0567) -883.99800 (41\0567) -883.00700 (71\0561) -855.98900 (51\0561) -854.99900 (86\0560) -966.97700 (77\0568) -1336.97000 (79\0568) -1335.98000 (69\0568) -1092 (32\0561) -1147.02000 (65\0565) -1022.99000 (63\0568) -799.97200 (76\0564) -799.97200 (61\0567) ] TJ ET Q 5257.09000 4350.26000 m 5257.09000 4466.84000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 438.73300 Tm (65\0567) Tj /R32 7.88759 Tf -477.56200 -11.95740 Td [ (FRCN) -249.99200 (\133ours\135) ] TJ ET Q 1110.41000 4233.68000 m 1110.41000 4350.26000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.89100 426.77500 Tm (07\053\05312) Tj ET Q 1436.73000 4233.68000 m 1436.73000 4350.26000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 7.88759 Tf 1 0 0 1 146.52500 427.07500 Tm (82\0563) Tj /R30 7.09888 Tf 19.18870 0 Td [ (78\0564) -758.97900 (70\0568) -758.97900 (52\0563) ] TJ /R32 7.09888 Tf 55.30200 0 Td (38\0567) Tj /R30 7.09888 Tf 19.68280 0 Td [ (77\0568) -758.97800 (71\0566) -758.97800 (89\0563) -883.00700 (44\0562) -883.00700 (73\0560) -855.98900 (55\0560) -854.99900 (87\0565) -966.97700 (80\0565) -1336.97000 (80\0568) -1336.97000 (72\0560) ] TJ /R32 7.09888 Tf 193.28200 0 Td (35\0561) Tj /R30 7.09888 Tf 20.56760 0 Td [ (68\0563) -1022 (65\0567) -799.97200 (80\0564) -801.01800 (64\0562) ] TJ ET Q 5257.09000 4233.68000 m 5257.09000 4350.26000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 7.09888 Tf 1 0 0 1 529.64600 427.07500 Tm (68\0564) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf -479.53400 -16.15940 Td [ (T) 79.98130 (able) -348.98800 (3\056) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 32.68980 0 Td [ (V) 44.99350 (OC) -349.00400 (2012) -350.00600 (test) ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 60.29220 0 Td [ (detection) -348.98900 (a) 20.02100 (v) 14.98650 (erage) -349.98800 (precision) -348.98900 (\050\045\051\056) -608.97900 (B) 1.01562 (abyLearning) -349.98600 (and) -348.97800 (NUS) ] TJ ET Q 3.98000 w 3559.14000 4111.14000 m 3586.04000 4111.14000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 358.60400 410.91500 Tm (NIN) Tj ET Q 3750.75000 4111.14000 m 3777.65000 4111.14000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 377.76500 410.91500 Tm [ (c2000) -348.97800 (use) -350.02100 (netw) 9.99826 (orks) -349.01300 (based) -349.99400 (on) -349.00300 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 492.44500 410.91500 Tm (17) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 501.41200 410.91500 Tm [ (\135\056) -607.99400 (All) -349.99400 (other) ] TJ -451.30000 -10.95940 Td [ (methods) -250.02000 (use) -249.99300 (V) 15.02050 (GG16\056) -310.01000 (T) 35.02120 (raining) -249.99500 (set) -249.98400 (k) 10.02000 (e) 15.01100 (y\072) -310.00300 (see) -250.01100 (T) 79.98070 (able) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 228.84800 399.95600 Tm (2) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 233.33100 399.95600 Tm (\054) Tj /R30 8.96640 Tf 4.48164 0 Td (Unk\056) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 18.68520 0 Td [ (\072) -310.00300 (unkno) 25.00380 (wn\056) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf -206.38600 -31.82890 Td [ (to) -322.01200 (this) -321.99900 (Caf) 24.98170 (feNet) -321.98800 (as) -321.98400 (model) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf 107.65400 0 Td (S) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 5.53906 0 Td [ (\054) -321.98300 (for) -321.98700 (\223small\056) 70.01530 (\224) -525.99600 (The) -321.98100 (second) -322.01200 (net\055) ] TJ -113.19300 -11.95590 Td [ (w) 10.00140 (ork) -293.00300 (is) -292.99600 (V) 14.98100 (GG) ] TJ ET Q 1050.01000 3563.71000 m 1079.90000 3563.71000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 107.98900 356.17100 Tm (CNN) Tj ET Q 1296.18000 3563.71000 m 1326.07000 3563.71000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 132.60700 356.17100 Tm (M) Tj ET Q 1420.61000 3563.71000 m 1450.50000 3563.71000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 145.05000 356.17100 Tm [ (1024) -292.99000 (from) -294.01800 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 193.50800 356.17100 Tm (3) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 198.48900 356.17100 Tm [ (\135\054) -303.99000 (which) -292.99500 (has) -293.00300 (the) -293.00300 (same) ] TJ -148.37700 -11.95510 Td [ (depth) -364 (as) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf 37.69690 0 Td (S) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 5.53906 0 Td [ (\054) -364.01500 (b) 20.00160 (ut) -364.98600 (is) -364.00400 (wider) 55.01780 (\056) -654.00600 (W) 79.98790 (e) -363.98300 (call) -364.99200 (this) -363.99300 (netw) 10.00810 (ork) -364.01000 (model) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf 181.11900 0 Td (M) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.40391 0 Td (\054) Tj -233.75900 -11.95510 Td [ (for) -305.00900 (\223medium\056) 69.98460 (\224) -474.00400 (The) -303.98400 <026e616c> -304.98600 (netw) 10.00940 (ork) -305 (is) -304.99400 (the) -303.98100 (v) 14.98280 (ery) -305.01000 (deep) -305.00500 (V) 14.98030 (GG16) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (model) -349.99500 (from) -350.99000 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 104.68700 320.30600 Tm (20) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 114.65000 320.30600 Tm [ (\135\056) -610.99700 (Since) -350.00200 (this) -351.01400 (model) -349.99600 (is) -350.00800 (the) -350.99300 (lar) 17.99700 (gest\054) -375.01800 (we) -351.00300 (call) ] TJ -64.53750 -11.95510 Td [ (it) -265.98100 (model) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf 35.74300 0 Td (L) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 6.64492 0 Td [ (\056) -265.99200 (In) -265.99400 (this) -266.00800 (section\054) -268.98900 (all) -265.98500 (e) 15.01220 (xperiments) -265.99700 (use) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 146.27100 0 Td (single\055scale) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf -188.65900 -11.95510 Td [ (training) -250.00800 (and) -249.99200 (testing) -250.00400 (\050) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 82.73910 0 Td [ (s) -0.80011 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 7.43672 0 Td [ (\075) -278.78400 (600) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 25.46020 0 Td [ (\073) -249.99000 (see) -250 (Section) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 218.60000 296.39600 Tm (5\0562) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 233.54300 296.39600 Tm [ (for) -250 (details\051\056) ] TJ /R30 10.95890 Tf -183.43100 -22.12500 Td [ (4\0562\056) -250.00500 (V) 45.00350 (OC) -250.00500 (2010) -249.99100 (and) -250 (2012) -249.99100 (r) 18.01160 (esults) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95470 -18.66600 Td [ (On) -267.00600 (these) -267.98500 (datasets\054) -272.01200 (we) -267.01600 (compare) -267.00800 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -267.98600 (R\055CNN) -266.98500 (\050) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 182.05900 0 Td (FRCN) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 25.46480 0 Td [ (\054) -267.01200 (for) ] TJ -219.47900 -11.95510 Td [ (short\051) -247.00100 (ag) 5.01938 (ainst) -246.01700 (the) -247.01000 (top) -247 (methods) -246.98200 (on) -245.98800 (the) ] TJ /R34 9.96260 Tf 149.43100 0 Td (comp4) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 32.34610 0 Td [ (\050outside) -246.99100 (data\051) ] TJ -181.77700 -11.95510 Td [ (track) -311.00700 (from) -310.99700 (the) -311 (public) -310.00200 (leaderboard) -311.00300 (\050T) 79.98790 (able) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 217.28500 231.69500 Tm (2) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 222.26600 231.69500 Tm [ (\054) -325.98200 (T) 79.99160 (able) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 252.99100 231.69500 Tm (3) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 257.97200 231.69500 Tm (\051\056) Tj ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 6.97380 Tf 1 0 0 1 263.78100 235.31000 Tm (3) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 272.67300 231.69500 Tm [ (F) 14.99260 (or) ] TJ -222.56100 -11.95590 Td [ (the) -253.98900 (NUS) ] TJ ET Q 853.42200 2199.39000 m 883.30900 2199.39000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 88.33090 219.73900 Tm (NIN) Tj ET Q 1066.32000 2199.39000 m 1096.21000 2199.39000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 109.62100 219.73900 Tm [ (c2000) -253.98100 (and) -255.01000 (BabyLearning) -254.00200 (methods\054) -255.01600 (there) -253.99700 (are) ] TJ -59.50900 -11.95510 Td [ (no) -406.98100 (associated) -405.99100 (publications) -407.01800 (at) -406.98800 (t) 0.98758 (his) -407.01200 (time) -407.00800 (and) -406.00600 (we) -406.99300 (could) -407.01300 (not) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ <026e64> -333.01800 (e) 15.01280 (xact) -332.01900 (information) -333 (on) -332.01300 (the) -332.99600 (Con) 40.01660 (vNet) -332.01300 (architectures) -332.99300 (used\073) ] TJ T* [ (the) 14.98590 (y) -376.99100 (are) -377.00800 (v) 24 (a) 1.01515 (riants) -377.99700 (of) -376.99500 (the) -376.98900 (Netw) 10.00690 (ork\055in\055Netw) 10.02040 (ork) -376.98900 (design) -377.99100 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 270.59400 183.87400 Tm (17) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 280.55600 183.87400 Tm (\135\056) Tj -230.44400 -11.95470 Td [ (All) -270.01600 (other) -271.00400 (methods) -269.99800 (are) -270.00600 (initialized) -271.01200 (from) -269.98300 (the) -269.98700 (same) -271.00400 (pre\055trained) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (V) 14.98100 (GG16) -249.98200 (netw) 10.00940 (ork\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -12.68910 Td [ (F) 14.99200 (ast) -370.00800 (R\055CNN) -371.00700 (achi) 0.98390 (e) 25.01050 (v) 14.98280 (es) -370.99600 (the) -370.00900 (top) -370 (result) -371.01900 (on) -370.00700 (V) 39.99580 (OC12) -369.99000 (with) -371.01400 (a) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (mAP) -301.99900 (of) -303.00600 (65\0567\045) -302.00800 (\050and) -303.00600 (68\0564\045) -302.00800 (with) -302.98600 (e) 15.01220 (xtra) -301.98400 (data\051\056) -467.01800 (It) -303.00300 (is) -302.01600 (also) -302.99400 (tw) 10.00810 (o) ] TJ T* [ (orders) -354.99400 (of) -354.99800 (magnitude) -355 (f) 9.99466 (aster) -354.99800 (than) -354.98700 (the) -354.99200 (other) -354.99000 (methods\054) -382.01500 (which) ] TJ T* [ (are) -323.01700 (all) -322.99500 (based) -324.01700 (on) -322.99500 (the) -322.99800 (\223slo) 24.98970 (w\224) -323.00600 (R\055CNN) -323.99500 (pipeline\056) -529.02000 (On) -324.01700 (V) 39.99580 (OC10\054) ] TJ ET Q 501.12100 1001.43000 m 1446.11000 1001.43000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 5.97760 Tf 1 0 0 1 60.97110 93.27700 Tm (3) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 0 k q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R34 7.97010 Tf 1 0 0 1 64.45780 90.46480 Tm (http\072\057\057host\056robots\056ox\056ac\056uk\0728080\057leaderboard) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 7.97010 Tf 1 0 0 1 50.11210 81 Tm [ (\050accessed) -249.97500 (April) -250.02200 (18\054) -249.99100 (2015\051) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 258.75000 287.12700 Td [ (Se) 14.98770 (gDeepM) -328.00900 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 360.12000 368.12700 Tm (25) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 370.08200 368.12700 Tm [ (\135) -327.00700 (achie) 25.01540 (v) 14.98280 (es) -327.98400 (a) -327.00900 (higher) -328.00900 (mAP) -327.01400 (than) -328.00900 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -328.01400 (R\055CNN) ] TJ -61.22030 -11.95590 Td [ (\05067\0562\045) -266.99700 (vs\056) -362.00300 (66\0561\045\051\056) -361.99800 (Se) 14.98770 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cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 55.39800 498.19800 Tm [ (test) -250.01400 (rate) -250.01100 (\050s\057im\051) ] TJ ET Q 1084.49000 4943.92000 m 1084.49000 5070.80000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 118.44100 498.19800 Tm [ (0\05610) -1465.99000 (0\05615) -1216.01000 (0\05632) ] TJ ET Q 1901.36000 4943.92000 m 1901.36000 5070.80000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 197.53700 498.19800 Tm [ (9\0568) -666.98400 (12\0561) -665.98500 (47\0560) ] TJ ET Q 2532.39000 4943.92000 m 2532.39000 5070.80000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 270.50200 498.19800 Tm (2\0563) Tj /R178 8.65087 Tf -212.94000 -12.68830 Td [ (B) -0.80008 ] TJ /R32 8.65087 Tf 8.89063 0 Td [ (with) -250.02000 (SVD) ] TJ ET Q 1084.49000 4817.04000 m 1084.49000 4943.92000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 118.44100 485.51000 Tm (0\05606) Tj /R32 8.65087 Tf 27.82150 0 Td [ (0\05608) -1216.01000 (0\05622) ] TJ ET Q 1901.36000 4817.04000 m 1901.36000 4943.92000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 205.47000 485.51000 Tm [ (\055) -2083.98000 (\055) -2082.99000 (\055) ] TJ ET Q 2532.39000 4817.04000 m 2532.39000 4943.92000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 278.43400 485.51000 Tm (\055) Tj ET Q 525.15200 4815.12000 m 2841.99000 4815.12000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 55.39800 472.43800 Tm [ (test) -250.01400 (speedup) ] TJ ET Q 1084.49000 4686.32000 m 1084.49000 4813.20000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 118.01300 472.43800 Tm (98) Tj /R159 8.65087 Tf 8.65078 0 Td [ <02> -0.39933 ] TJ /R32 8.65087 Tf 19.17070 0 Td (80) Tj /R159 8.65087 Tf 8.65117 0 Td [ <02> -0.39933 ] TJ /R32 8.65087 Tf 12.68240 0 Td (146) Tj /R159 8.65087 Tf 12.97580 0 Td [ <02> -0.39933 ] TJ ET Q 1901.36000 4686.32000 m 1901.36000 4813.20000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 197.10900 472.43800 Tm (1) Tj /R159 8.65087 Tf 4.32617 0 Td [ <02> -0.40075 ] TJ /R32 8.65087 Tf 16.58050 0 Td (1) Tj /R159 8.65087 Tf 4.32500 0 Td [ <02> -0.40075 ] TJ /R32 8.65087 Tf 16.58130 0 Td (1) Tj /R159 8.65087 Tf 4.32539 0 Td [ <02> -0.40075 ] TJ ET Q 2532.39000 4686.32000 m 2532.39000 4813.20000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 265.74900 472.43800 Tm (20) Tj /R159 8.65087 Tf 8.65156 0 Td [ <02> -0.40075 ] TJ /R178 8.65087 Tf -216.83900 -12.68710 Td [ (B) -0.80008 ] TJ /R32 8.65087 Tf 8.89063 0 Td [ (with) -250.02000 (SVD) ] TJ ET Q 1084.49000 4559.43000 m 1084.49000 4686.32000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 113.68800 459.75100 Tm (169) Tj /R159 8.65087 Tf 12.97580 0 Td [ <02> -0.39933 ] TJ /R32 8.65087 Tf 14.84530 0 Td (150) Tj /R159 8.65087 Tf 12.97660 0 Td [ <02> -0.39933 ] TJ /R30 8.65087 Tf 12.68240 0 Td (213) Tj /R159 8.65087 Tf 12.97580 0 Td [ <02> -0.39933 ] TJ ET Q 1901.36000 4559.43000 m 1901.36000 4686.32000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 205.47000 459.75100 Tm [ (\055) -2083.98000 (\055) -2082.99000 (\055) ] TJ ET Q 2532.39000 4559.43000 m 2532.39000 4686.32000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 278.43400 459.75100 Tm (\055) Tj ET Q 525.15200 4557.52000 m 2841.99000 4557.52000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 55.39800 446.67700 Tm [ (V) 39.98780 (OC07) -250.00400 (mAP) ] TJ ET Q 1084.49000 4428.71000 m 1084.49000 4555.59000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 118.44100 446.67700 Tm [ (57\0561) -1465.99000 (59\0562) ] TJ /R30 8.65087 Tf 53.48050 0 Td (66\0569) Tj ET Q 1901.36000 4428.71000 m 1901.36000 4555.59000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 193.21200 446.67700 Tm [ (58\0565) -666.97800 (60\0562) -665.98500 (66\0560) ] TJ ET Q 2532.39000 4428.71000 m 2532.39000 4555.59000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 266.17700 446.67700 Tm (63\0561) Tj /R178 8.65087 Tf -208.61500 -12.68710 Td [ (B) -0.80008 ] TJ /R32 8.65087 Tf 8.89063 0 Td [ (with) -250.02000 (SVD) ] TJ ET Q 1084.49000 4301.84000 m 1084.49000 4428.72000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 118.44100 433.99000 Tm [ (56\0565) -1465.99000 (58\0567) -1216.01000 (66\0566) ] TJ ET Q 1901.36000 4301.84000 m 1901.36000 4428.72000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 205.47000 433.99000 Tm [ (\055) -2083.98000 (\055) -2082.99000 (\055) ] TJ ET Q 2532.39000 4301.84000 m 2532.39000 4428.72000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.65087 Tf 1 0 0 1 278.43400 433.99000 Tm (\055) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf -228.32200 -20.88010 Td [ (T) 79.98130 (able) -235.97900 (4\056) -237.01800 (Runt) 0.98022 (ime) -236.99700 (comparison) -235.98200 (between) -236.00800 (the) -236.00300 (same) -237.02000 (models) -235.99100 (in) -235.98600 (F) 15.00560 (ast) -236 (R\055) ] TJ 10.95900 TL T* [ (CNN\054) -279.97900 (R\055CNN\054) -280.98200 (and) -280.01400 (SPPnet\056) -402 (F) 15.00420 (ast) -280 (R\055CNN) -281.00400 (uses) -280.00600 (single\055scale) -280.00600 (mode\056) ] TJ T* [ (SPPnet) -247.01500 (uses) -245.98100 (the) -246.98200 <02> 24.98070 (v) 14.98650 (e) -246.99100 (scales) -246.00800 <7370656369026564> -246.99800 (in) -247.00800 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 194.24700 391.19200 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 203.21400 391.19200 Tm (\135\056) Tj /R161 5.97760 Tf 7.99531 3.80898 Td [ (y) -0.09802 ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 3.92891 -3.80898 Td [ (T) 35.02120 (iming) -246.98900 (pro) 15.01650 (vided) -245.98100 (by) ] TJ -165.02600 -10.95900 Td [ (the) -224.98200 (authors) -225.99400 (of) -224.98600 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 103.98200 380.23300 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 112.94800 380.23300 Tm [ (\135\056) -301.98700 (T) 35.02120 (imes) -225.01300 (were) -225.99200 (measured) -224.98700 (on) -225.01500 (an) -225.99300 (Nvidia) -224.98300 (K40) -224.98300 (GPU\056) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf -62.83630 -26.08400 Td [ (T) 74.00110 (runcated) -464.00800 (SVD) 20.01630 (\056) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 80.89570 0 Td [ (T) 35.01740 (runcated) -463.99500 (SVD) -463.98100 (can) -464.00300 (reduce) -464.00800 (detection) ] TJ -80.89570 -11.95510 Td [ (time) -429.98500 (by) -429.99700 (more) -429.99700 (than) -429.99400 (30\045) -429.99400 (with) -429.98500 (only) -429.98500 (a) -430.01200 (small) -430.01600 (\0500\0563) -429.99700 (percent\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (age) -400.99600 (point\051) -399.98500 (drop) -401.01900 (in) -400 (mAP) -401.00200 (and) -400.00600 (without) -400.99200 (needing) -399.99200 (to) -401.01900 (perform) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (additional) -350.01900 <026e652d74756e696e67> -350.99300 (after) -351.00900 (model) -349.99600 (compression\056) -612.01300 (Fig\056) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 269.03000 318.28300 Tm (2) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 277.50900 318.28300 Tm (il\055) Tj -227.39600 -11.95510 Td [ (lustrates) -343.99400 (ho) 24.98600 (w) -344.99900 (using) -343.99300 (the) -344.01400 (top) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 113.75800 0 Td (1024) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 23.35510 0 Td [ (singular) -343.99400 (v) 24.98110 (alues) -344.99100 (from) -344.01100 (the) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf -137.11300 -11.95510 Td (25088) Tj /R38 9.96260 Tf 26.70270 0 Td [ <02> -0.79950 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 9.54609 0 Td (4096) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 22.30310 0 Td [ (matrix) -238.99400 (in) -237.98700 (V) 14.98030 (GG16\047) 54.98350 (s) -239.01300 (fc6) -238.98200 (layer) -238 (and) -239.01400 (the) -239.01200 (top) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 162.75400 0 Td (256) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf -221.30600 -11.95510 Td [ (singular) -222.99400 (v) 24.98110 (alues) -221.99200 (from) -223.01100 (the) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 97.71600 0 Td (4096) Tj /R38 9.96260 Tf 21.12700 0 Td [ <02> -0.80011 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 8.95078 0 Td (4096) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 22.14300 0 Td [ (fc7) -222.98500 (layer) -222.00200 (reduces) -222.98200 (run\055) ] TJ -149.93700 -11.95470 Td [ (time) -359.99600 (with) -359.99600 (little) -361.00600 (loss) -359.99400 (in) -360.00600 (mAP) 110.99100 (\056) -360.01600 (Further) -359.99800 (speed\055ups) -361.01800 (are) -359.99100 (possi\055) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (ble) -271.98600 (with) -272.01100 (smaller) -272.01200 (drops) -272.99500 (in) -271.98200 (mAP) -272.00400 (if) -271.99000 (one) -271.98800 <026e652d74756e6573> -272.98100 (ag) 5.01877 (ain) -271.98600 (after) ] TJ 11.95470 TL (compression\056) ' ET Q q 512 1156 1158 1173 re W n 1 g 441.49200 1109.39000 1228.41000 1218.96000 re f 0.94922 g 1410.11000 1655.09000 m 1410.11000 1678.88000 1408.11000 1702.62000 1404.11000 1726.07000 c 1400.12000 1749.52000 1394.16000 1772.59000 1386.29000 1795.04000 c 987.19100 1655.09000 l 1410.11000 1655.09000 l f 2.36850 w 1 G 1410.11000 1655.09000 m 1410.11000 1678.88000 1408.11000 1702.62000 1404.11000 1726.07000 c 1400.12000 1749.52000 1394.16000 1772.59000 1386.29000 1795.04000 c 987.19100 1655.09000 l 1410.11000 1655.09000 l h S 0.89844 0.84766 0.74219 rg 1386.29000 1795.04000 m 1381.19000 1809.57000 1375.30000 1823.82000 1368.65000 1837.72000 c 1361.99000 1851.62000 1354.59000 1865.14000 1346.46000 1878.23000 c 987.19100 1655.09000 l 1386.29000 1795.04000 l f 1386.29000 1795.04000 m 1381.19000 1809.57000 1375.30000 1823.82000 1368.65000 1837.72000 c 1361.99000 1851.62000 1354.59000 1865.14000 1346.46000 1878.23000 c 987.19100 1655.09000 l 1386.29000 1795.04000 l h S 0.99414 0.84961 0.65430 rg 1346.46000 1878.23000 m 1300.93000 1951.53000 1234.04000 2009.17000 1154.82000 2043.37000 c 1075.61000 2077.57000 987.78900 2086.72000 903.21900 2069.59000 c 818.65200 2052.46000 741.31600 2009.84000 681.65600 1947.51000 c 621.99600 1885.17000 582.81600 1806.04000 569.41000 1720.80000 c 987.19100 1655.09000 l 1346.46000 1878.23000 l f 1346.46000 1878.23000 m 1300.93000 1951.53000 1234.04000 2009.17000 1154.82000 2043.37000 c 1075.61000 2077.57000 987.78900 2086.72000 903.21900 2069.59000 c 818.65200 2052.46000 741.31600 2009.84000 681.65600 1947.51000 c 621.99600 1885.17000 582.81600 1806.04000 569.41000 1720.80000 c 987.19100 1655.09000 l 1346.46000 1878.23000 l h S 0.79688 0.91797 0.77539 rg 569.41000 1720.80000 m 553.31600 1618.49000 575.35500 1513.75000 631.31300 1426.60000 c 687.27000 1339.44000 773.33600 1275.81000 873.06600 1247.86000 c 972.79300 1219.91000 1079.39000 1229.55000 1172.50000 1274.93000 c 1265.59000 1320.30000 1338.86000 1398.34000 1378.28000 1494.12000 c 987.19100 1655.09000 l 569.41000 1720.80000 l f 569.41000 1720.80000 m 553.31600 1618.49000 575.35500 1513.75000 631.31300 1426.60000 c 687.27000 1339.44000 773.33600 1275.81000 873.06600 1247.86000 c 972.79300 1219.91000 1079.39000 1229.55000 1172.50000 1274.93000 c 1265.59000 1320.30000 1338.86000 1398.34000 1378.28000 1494.12000 c 987.19100 1655.09000 l 569.41000 1720.80000 l h S 0.98438 0.70508 0.68164 rg 1378.28000 1494.12000 m 1388.76000 1519.59000 1396.73000 1546.02000 1402.08000 1573.04000 c 1407.42000 1600.07000 1410.11000 1627.55000 1410.11000 1655.09000 c 987.19100 1655.09000 l 1378.28000 1494.12000 l f 1378.28000 1494.12000 m 1388.76000 1519.59000 1396.73000 1546.02000 1402.08000 1573.04000 c 1407.42000 1600.07000 1410.11000 1627.55000 1410.11000 1655.09000 c 987.19100 1655.09000 l 1378.28000 1494.12000 l h S 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R187 5.21070 Tf 1 0 0 1 142.49600 171.59600 Tm (roi\137pool5) Tj -35.23200 -3.26602 Td (5\0564\045 \05017ms\051) Tj 31.50780 14.91720 Td (other) Tj -33.63550 -8.21836 Td (3\0565\045 \05011ms\051) Tj -22.80230 32.56480 Td (fc6) Tj -8.43945 -18.65270 Td (38\0567\045 \050122ms\051) Tj 0.84688 -67.62890 Td (conv) Tj -2.65586 18.32540 Td (46\0563\045 \050146ms\051) Tj 70.19650 15.81910 Td (fc7) Tj -35.13980 3.69180 Td (6\0562\045 \05020ms\051) Tj /R187 6.25284 Tf -39.79610 67.30350 Td (Forward pass timing) Tj -14.95310 -6.89375 Td (mAP 66\0569\045 \100 320ms \057 image) Tj ET Q Q q 1694 1156 1159 1180 re W n 1 g 1623.57000 1109.08000 1228.91000 1226.89000 re f 0.94922 g 2598.49000 1658.33000 m 2598.49000 1693.77000 2594.06000 1729.07000 2585.32000 1763.42000 c 2576.57000 1797.76000 2563.56000 1830.88000 2546.61000 1862 c 2172.82000 1658.33000 l 2598.49000 1658.33000 l f 2.38390 w 1 G 2598.49000 1658.33000 m 2598.49000 1693.77000 2594.06000 1729.07000 2585.32000 1763.42000 c 2576.57000 1797.76000 2563.56000 1830.88000 2546.61000 1862 c 2172.82000 1658.33000 l 2598.49000 1658.33000 l h S 0.89844 0.84766 0.74219 rg 2546.61000 1862 m 2535.72000 1881.97000 2523.26000 1901.03000 2509.33000 1919.01000 c 2495.41000 1936.99000 2480.06000 1953.82000 2463.45000 1969.35000 c 2172.82000 1658.33000 l 2546.61000 1862 l f 2546.61000 1862 m 2535.72000 1881.97000 2523.26000 1901.03000 2509.33000 1919.01000 c 2495.41000 1936.99000 2480.06000 1953.82000 2463.45000 1969.35000 c 2172.82000 1658.33000 l 2546.61000 1862 l h S 0.99414 0.84961 0.65430 rg 2463.45000 1969.35000 m 2406.20000 2022.84000 2335.28000 2059.50000 2258.54000 2075.28000 c 2181.79000 2091.06000 2102.16000 2085.34000 2028.45000 2058.77000 c 2172.82000 1658.33000 l 2463.45000 1969.35000 l f 2463.45000 1969.35000 m 2406.20000 2022.84000 2335.28000 2059.50000 2258.54000 2075.28000 c 2181.79000 2091.06000 2102.16000 2085.34000 2028.45000 2058.77000 c 2172.82000 1658.33000 l 2463.45000 1969.35000 l h S 0.79688 0.91797 0.77539 rg 2028.45000 2058.77000 m 1956.96000 2033 1893.66000 1988.54000 1845.14000 1930.04000 c 1796.64000 1871.54000 1764.67000 1801.09000 1752.57000 1726.06000 c 1740.48000 1651.04000 1748.70000 1574.12000 1776.37000 1503.34000 c 1804.05000 1432.55000 1850.18000 1370.46000 1909.95000 1323.53000 c 1969.73000 1276.60000 2040.99000 1246.52000 2116.32000 1236.43000 c 2191.64000 1226.34000 2268.31000 1236.61000 2338.33000 1266.16000 c 2408.35000 1295.71000 2469.19000 1343.48000 2514.52000 1404.48000 c 2559.84000 1465.48000 2588 1537.53000 2596.08000 1613.10000 c 2172.82000 1658.33000 l 2028.45000 2058.77000 l f 2028.45000 2058.77000 m 1956.96000 2033 1893.66000 1988.54000 1845.14000 1930.04000 c 1796.64000 1871.54000 1764.67000 1801.09000 1752.57000 1726.06000 c 1740.48000 1651.04000 1748.70000 1574.12000 1776.37000 1503.34000 c 1804.05000 1432.55000 1850.18000 1370.46000 1909.95000 1323.53000 c 1969.73000 1276.60000 2040.99000 1246.52000 2116.32000 1236.43000 c 2191.64000 1226.34000 2268.31000 1236.61000 2338.33000 1266.16000 c 2408.35000 1295.71000 2469.19000 1343.48000 2514.52000 1404.48000 c 2559.84000 1465.48000 2588 1537.53000 2596.08000 1613.10000 c 2172.82000 1658.33000 l 2028.45000 2058.77000 l h S 0.98438 0.70508 0.68164 rg 2596.08000 1613.10000 m 2596.88000 1620.61000 2597.48000 1628.14000 2597.89000 1635.68000 c 2598.29000 1643.23000 2598.49000 1650.78000 2598.49000 1658.33000 c 2172.82000 1658.33000 l 2596.08000 1613.10000 l f 2596.08000 1613.10000 m 2596.88000 1620.61000 2597.48000 1628.14000 2597.89000 1635.68000 c 2598.29000 1643.23000 2598.49000 1650.78000 2598.49000 1658.33000 c 2172.82000 1658.33000 l 2596.08000 1613.10000 l h S 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R220 5.24458 Tf 1 0 0 1 260.59400 175.49300 Tm (roi\137pool5) Tj -35.13950 -4.80117 Td (7\0569\045 \05017ms\051) Tj 27.16170 21.06600 Td (other) Tj -31.72070 -11.73090 Td (5\0561\045 \05011ms\051) Tj 5.38672 28.13910 Td (fc6) Tj -22.10310 -18.76250 Td (17\0565\045 \05037ms\051) Tj -26.57070 -60.17150 Td (conv) Tj 3.98672 15.06640 Td (67\0568\045 \050143ms\051) Tj 80.31910 17.70980 Td (fc7) Tj -34.03670 1.01914 Td (1\0567\045 \0504ms\051) Tj /R220 6.29350 Tf -52.21290 64.14530 Td (Forward pass timing \050SVD\051) Tj -5.01016 -6.93867 Td (mAP 66\0566\045 \100 223ms \057 image) Tj ET Q Q q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 50.11210 104.69900 Tm [ (Figure) -251.98900 (2\056) -251.00300 (T) 35.02180 (iming) -252 (for) -251.00900 (V) 15.02050 (GG16) -252.00300 (before) -251.00400 (and) -252.00100 (after) -250.99400 (truncated) -251.99300 (SVD\056) -251.00500 (Be\055) ] TJ 10.95780 TL T* [ (fore) -216 (SVD\054) -215.01800 (fully) -215.99500 (connected) -215.02000 (layers) -215.99200 (fc6) -215.98600 (and) -215.01400 (fc7) -215.98600 (tak) 10.00920 (e) -216.01600 (45\045) -215.01200 (of) -216.01100 (the) -215.00600 (time\056) ] TJ /R30 10.95890 Tf 258.75000 616.29600 Td [ (4\0565\056) -250.00400 (Which) -250.00200 (lay) 10.01610 (ers) -250.01300 (to) -249.98900 <026e65ad74756e653f> ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 -17.93200 Td [ (F) 14.99260 (or) -263.99300 (the) -263.98800 (less) -264.02000 (deep) -263.01200 (netw) 10.00810 (orks) -263.98000 (considered) -264.02000 (in) -263.98500 (the) -263.98500 (SPPnet) -263.98500 (pa\055) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95630 Td [ (per) -434.98900 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 329.23600 680.14900 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 339.19800 680.14900 Tm [ (\135\054) -481.01800 <026e652d74756e696e67> -433.99900 (only) -435 (the) -435.01600 (fully) -433.98600 (connected) -435.01600 (layers) -435.02100 (ap\055) ] TJ -30.33590 -11.95470 Td [ (peared) -260.00300 (to) -259.98400 (be) -259.99600 (suf) 24.98360 <026369656e74> -260.01100 (for) -259.99600 (good) -260.01500 (accurac) 14.99750 (y) 65.01370 (\056) -340.99700 (W) 79.98660 (e) -260 (h) 4.98446 (ypothesized) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (that) -306.99300 (this) -308.00300 (result) -306.99000 (w) 10 (ould) -306.98600 (not) -306.98800 (hold) -308.00300 (for) -307.00800 (v) 14.98280 (ery) -307.01200 (deep) -307.98800 (netw) 10.00810 (orks\056) -481.98300 (T) 79.99160 (o) ] TJ T* [ (v) 24.98110 (alidate) -431.01100 (that) -431.01100 <026e652d74756e696e67> -431.01900 (the) -431.01600 (con) 39.99820 (v) -430.98200 (layers) -430.98200 (is) -431.01100 (important) -430.98700 (for) ] TJ T* [ (V) 14.98030 (GG16\054) -431.98900 (we) -396.01500 (use) -396.00500 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -396.00300 (R\055CNN) -395.98300 (to) -396.00300 <026e652d74756e652c> -432.99600 (b) 20.00160 (ut) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 196.70900 0 Td [ (fr) 36.98890 (eeze) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 27.36680 0 Td (the) Tj -224.07600 -11.95510 Td [ (thirteen) -294.01000 (con) 39.99820 (v) -293.98500 (layers) -293.98300 (so) -294.01700 (that) -294.01500 (only) -294.00500 (the) -295 (fully) -294.01000 (connected) -294.02000 (layers) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (learn\056) -545.00500 (This) -328.98200 (ablation) -327.99700 (emulates) -329.01900 (single\055scale) -328 (SPPnet) -328.99400 (training) ] TJ 11.95510 TL (and) ' /R36 9.96260 Tf 17.71990 0 Td [ (decr) 37.01590 (eases) -334.99600 (mAP) -334.01300 (fr) 44.98510 (om) -334.99300 (66\0569\045) -334.00300 (to) -334.99300 (61\0564\045) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 155.87100 0 Td [ (\050T) 79.98660 (able) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 510.99600 596.46300 Tm (5) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 515.97700 596.46300 Tm [ (\051\056) -563.00400 (This) ] TJ -207.11500 -11.95510 Td [ (e) 15.01220 (xperiment) -198.01600 (v) 14.98280 <657269026573> -197.99100 (our) -197.99900 (h) 4.98446 (ypothesis\072) -283.98200 (training) -198.01600 (through) -198.99600 (the) -197.99600 (RoI) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (pooling) -249.99700 (layer) -249.99700 (is) -249.98500 (important) -249.99700 (for) -249.99700 (v) 14.98280 (ery) -250.00200 (deep) -249.99700 (nets\056) ] TJ ET Q 3.98000 w 3671.36000 5482.52000 m 3671.36000 5603.07000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 370.32400 551.86800 Tm [ (layers) -250.01700 (that) -249.97800 (are) -249.98400 <026e652d74756e6564> -250.00600 (in) -250.01100 (model) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 125.00800 0 Td (L) Tj ET Q 5045.01000 5482.52000 m 5045.01000 5603.07000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 507.68900 551.86800 Tm (SPPnet) Tj /R30 8.96640 Tf 28.15390 0 Td (L) Tj ET Q 3671.36000 5361.97000 m 3671.36000 5482.52000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R159 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 370.32400 539.81300 Tm [ <15> -0.40026 ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 9.40898 0 Td (fc6) Tj /R159 8.96640 Tf 17.42770 0 Td [ <15> -0.40026 ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 9.40898 0 Td [ (con) 40.01480 (v3) ] TJ ET Q 4286.63000 5400.13000 m 4313.53000 5400.13000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 431.35300 539.81300 Tm (1) Tj /R159 8.96640 Tf 31.28400 0 Td [ <15> -0.39753 ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 9.40898 0 Td [ (con) 40.01480 (v2) ] TJ ET Q 4941.40000 5400.13000 m 4968.30000 5400.13000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 496.82900 539.81300 Tm (1) Tj ET Q 5045.01000 5361.97000 m 5045.01000 5482.52000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R159 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 520.96400 539.81300 Tm [ <15> -0.39753 ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 9.40898 0 Td (fc6) Tj ET Q 3091.62000 5359.98000 m 5448.12000 5359.98000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 312.15100 527.36000 Tm [ (V) 39.98220 (OC07) -250.01900 (mAP) ] TJ ET Q 3671.36000 5237.43000 m 3671.36000 5357.98000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 375.49200 527.36000 Tm [ (61\0564) -3230.01000 (66\0569) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 110.12900 0 Td (67\0562) Tj ET Q 5045.01000 5237.43000 m 5045.01000 5357.98000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 526.13200 527.36000 Tm (63\0561) Tj -213.98100 -12.05510 Td [ (test) -250.01900 (rate) -250.02200 (\050s\057im\051) ] TJ ET Q 3671.36000 5116.89000 m 3671.36000 5237.44000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 375.49200 515.30500 Tm [ (0\05632) -3230.01000 (0\05632) -5552 (0\05632) ] TJ ET Q 5045.01000 5116.89000 m 5045.01000 5237.44000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 530.61500 515.30500 Tm (2\0563) Tj -221.75300 -20.69020 Td [ (T) 79.98070 (able) -536.01500 (5\056) -535.00500 (Ef) 24.98750 (fect) -535.98500 (of) -535.99900 (restricting) -536.01300 (which) -535.00500 (layers) -535.98000 (are) -535.99100 <026e652d74756e6564> -535.01100 (for) ] TJ 10.95900 TL T* [ (V) 15.01920 (GG16\056) -703.01200 (Fine\055tuning) ] TJ /R159 8.96640 Tf 82.06410 0 Td [ <15> -0.40026 ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 10.58480 0 Td [ (fc6) -381.01200 (emulates) -381.00700 (the) -380.99100 (SPPnet) -380.98000 (training) -381.98700 (a) 0.98567 (lgo\055) ] TJ -92.64880 -10.95900 Td [ (rithm) -364.01900 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 334.54200 472.69700 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 343.50900 472.69700 Tm [ (\135\054) -390.99100 (b) 19.99650 (ut) -363.98100 (using) -364.01900 (a) -363.00600 (single) -363.98400 (scale\056) -650.01800 (SPPnet) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 133.05900 0 Td (L) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 9.24023 0 Td [ (results) -362.99300 (were) -364.00500 (ob\055) ] TJ -176.94600 -10.95900 Td [ (tained) -249.99700 (using) -250.00800 <02> 24.98200 (v) 14.98650 (e) -249.99700 (scales\054) -249.99500 (at) -249.98900 (a) -249.99700 <7369676e690263616e74> -250.01100 (\0507) ] TJ /R159 8.96640 Tf 149.06400 0 Td [ <02> -0.39753 ] TJ /R32 8.96640 Tf 7.16797 0 Td [ (\051) -249.99500 (speed) -250.01100 (cost\056) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf -144.27700 -16.84770 Td [ (Does) -209.99400 (this) -210.01900 (mean) -209.99700 (that) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 79.75470 0 Td (all) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 12.62110 0 Td [ (con) 39.99820 (v) -210 (layers) -210 (should) -210.00900 (be) -208.98500 <026e652d74756e65643f> ] TJ -104.33100 -11.95510 Td [ (In) -370.01400 (short\054) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 38.37580 0 Td (no) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.96211 0 Td [ (\056) -668.98400 (In) -368.99500 (the) -370.00900 (smaller) -369.01700 (netw) 10.00810 (orks) -370.00200 (\050) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf 113.42200 0 Td (S) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.21992 0 Td (and) Tj /R30 9.96260 Tf 18.06680 0 Td (M) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.40508 0 Td [ (\051) -369.00200 (we) -370.01700 <026e64> ] TJ -198.45200 -11.95510 Td [ (that) -340.98700 (con) 39.99820 (v1) -340.99200 (is) -340.99000 (generic) -341.00200 (and) -340.99700 (task) -340.98700 (independent) -341.01200 (\050a) -341.01200 (well\055kno) 25 (wn) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (f) 9.99588 (act) -333.00600 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 330.33200 409.02500 Tm (14) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 340.29400 409.02500 Tm [ (\135\051\056) -559.01000 (Allo) 24.99830 (wing) -332.98400 (con) 39.99820 (v1) -334.01300 (to) -332.99300 (learn\054) -354.01400 (or) -333.00300 (not\054) -353.02000 (has) -334.01800 (no) -332.99300 (mean\055) ] TJ -31.43200 -11.95510 Td [ (ingful) -351.99300 (ef) 25.00810 (fect) -353.00500 (on) -352.01000 (mAP) 110.99100 (\056) -352.99700 (F) 14.99260 (or) -352.02000 (V) 14.98280 (GG16\054) -377.99600 (we) -351.98000 (found) -352.98500 (it) -352.00500 (only) -353.01500 (nec\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (essary) -348.99600 (to) -350.00800 (update) -348.98600 (layers) -348.99300 (from) -350.01000 (con) 39.99820 (v3) ] TJ ET Q 4531.77000 3853.14000 m 4561.66000 3853.14000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 456.16500 385.11400 Tm [ (1) -348.99600 (and) -350.01500 (up) -348.99100 (\0509) -349 (of) -350.02000 (the) -348.99100 (13) ] TJ -147.30300 -11.95510 Td [ (con) 39.99820 (v) -344.01600 (layers\051\056) -592.01400 (This) -343.99900 (observ) 24.99090 (ation) -344.00100 (is) -344.00600 (pragmatic\072) -498.00500 (\0501\051) -343.98200 (updating) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (from) -320.99500 (con) 39.99820 (v2) ] TJ ET Q 3559.71000 3614.03000 m 3589.60000 3614.03000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 358.96000 361.20400 Tm [ (1) -321 (slo) 24.99340 (ws) -320.01500 (training) -321.01500 (by) -320.99500 (1\0563) ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 93.61370 0 Td [ <02> -0.80379 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 10.94340 0 Td [ (\05012\0565) -320.99100 (vs\056) -520.99600 (9\0565) -320.99100 (hours\051) ] TJ -154.65500 -11.95470 Td [ (compared) -271.00400 (to) -269.98200 (learning) -270.99600 (from) -271.00400 (con) 39.99820 (v3) ] TJ ET Q 4432.44000 3494.48000 m 4462.33000 3494.48000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 446.23300 349.24900 Tm [ (1\073) -281.00200 (and) -271.00900 (\0502\051) -269.99400 (updating) -271.01800 (from) ] TJ -137.37100 -11.95470 Td [ (con) 39.99820 (v1) ] TJ ET Q 3334.10000 3374.93000 m 3363.99000 3374.93000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 336.39900 337.29400 Tm [ (1) -352.99500 (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (er) 19.98930 (\055runs) -352.01000 (GPU) -352 (memory) 64.99410 (\056) -618.01000 (The) -352.99500 (dif) 24.98600 (ference) -352 (in) -352.99000 (mAP) ] TJ -27.53670 -11.95510 Td [ (when) -289.00300 (learning) -288.01300 (from) -289 (con) 39.99820 (v2) ] TJ ET Q 4156.31000 3255.38000 m 4186.20000 3255.38000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 418.62000 325.33900 Tm [ (1) -289.00600 (up) -287.98100 (w) 10.00320 (as) -289.01100 (only) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 59.55430 0 Td [ (\053) -0.80379 (0) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 12.72970 0 Td [ (\072) -0.80379 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 2.76797 0 Td (3) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 7.85703 0 Td [ (points) -289.01600 (\050T) 79.98660 (a\055) ] TJ -192.66700 -11.95630 Td (ble) Tj ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 324.43400 313.38300 Tm (5) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 329.41500 313.38300 Tm [ (\054) -364.01500 (last) -340.00500 (column\051\056) 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-191.01600 (lar) 17.99700 (ger) -190.01000 (v) 24.98110 (alues) -191.01700 (of) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 206.48800 0 Td [ (s) -0.79889 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 4.66992 0 Td [ (\073) -211.01600 (ho) 24.98600 (w\055) ] TJ -211.15800 -11.95510 Td [ (e) 25.01110 (v) 14.98280 (er) 39.98600 (\054) -289.98800 (optimizing) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 67.71800 0 Td [ (s) -0.80011 ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 7.48008 0 Td [ (for) -281.99300 (each) -282 (model) -282.00700 (is) -282.01800 (not) -282.01400 (our) -283.00400 (main) -282.01200 (concern\056) ] TJ -75.19800 -11.95510 Td [ (W) 79.98730 (e) -277.01700 (note) -277 (that) -276.99700 (P) 92 (ASCAL) -277.99500 (images) -276.99100 (are) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 139.36500 0 Td (384) Tj /R38 9.96260 Tf 17.35820 0 Td [ <02> -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 10.16290 0 Td (473) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 17.70510 0 Td [ (pix) 14.99500 (els) -277.00300 (on) -277.00300 (a) 19.99180 (v\055) ] TJ -184.59100 -11.95510 Td [ (erage) -300.98000 (and) -301.00300 (thus) -300.98500 (t) 0.98758 (he) -301.00700 (single\055scale) -300.98500 (setting) -301.01500 (typically) -301.01300 (upsamples) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (images) -225 (by) -225.01100 (a) -226.00600 (f) 9.99466 (actor) -224.98200 (of) -225.02000 (1\0566\056) -302.01300 (The) -225.01600 (a) 19.99180 (v) 14.98280 (erage) -224.99300 (ef) 25.00810 (fecti) 25.01790 (v) 14.98280 (e) -224.98700 (stride) -225.98400 (at) -225.01900 (the) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (RoI) -249.98200 (pooling) -249.99700 (layer) -249.99700 (is) -249.98400 (thus) ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 101.01000 0 Td [ (\031) -0.80011 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 10.51600 0 Td (10) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 12.45430 0 Td [ (pix) 14.99500 (els\056) ] TJ -112.02500 -12.66410 Td [ (In) -382.01300 (the) -382.98700 (multi\055scale) -382.01800 (setting\054) -414.99300 (we) -382.99600 (use) -382.00700 (the) -382.00700 (same) -382.00500 <02> 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) -383 (scales) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95590 Td [ <7370656369026564> -270.00900 (in) -269.98200 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 101.97700 153.44000 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 111.94000 153.44000 Tm [ (\135) -269.99800 (\050) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 9.32422 0 Td [ (s) -0.80011 ] TJ /R38 9.96260 Tf 7.80586 0 Td [ (2) -315.71800 (f) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 14.75900 0 Td (480) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 14.94410 0 Td [ (\073) -0.80011 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.42812 0 Td (576) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 14.94370 0 Td [ (\073) -0.80011 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.42812 0 Td (688) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 14.94410 0 Td [ (\073) -0.80011 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.42773 0 Td (864) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 14.94410 0 Td [ (\073) -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.42812 0 Td (1200) Tj /R38 9.96260 Tf 19.92500 0 Td (g) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 4.98086 0 Td [ (\051) -269.99700 (to) -269.98200 (f) 9.99588 (acili\055) ] TJ -196.11100 -11.95510 Td [ (tate) -265.00900 (comparison) -264.00100 (with) -264.99300 (SPPnet\056) -354.00500 (Ho) 24.98360 (we) 25.01420 (v) 14.98280 (er) 39.98600 (\054) -269.01100 (we) -263.99800 (cap) -265.01700 (the) -265.00700 (longest) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (side) -249.98300 (at) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 28.22380 0 Td (2000) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 22.41600 0 Td [ (pix) 14.99500 (els) -249.98900 (to) -249.98500 (a) 19.99180 (v) 20.00160 (oid) -250.02000 (e) 15.01220 (xceeding) -249.98300 (GPU) -250.01700 (memory) 64.99650 (\056) ] TJ -38.68480 -12.66480 Td [ (T) 79.99030 (able) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 86.73480 116.86500 Tm (7) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 94.49570 116.86500 Tm [ (sho) 24.99220 (ws) -279.00400 (models) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf 58.99340 0 Td (S) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 8.31680 0 Td (and) Tj /R30 9.96260 Tf 17.16520 0 Td (M) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 12.18200 0 Td [ (when) -279.00500 (trained) -279 (and) -279.00700 (tested) ] TJ -141.04100 -11.95510 Td [ (with) -393.99100 (either) -394.00500 (one) -394.00700 (or) -394.99200 <02> 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) -394.01800 (scales\056) -741.98500 (Perhaps) -393.99300 (the) -394.98600 (most) -393.98300 (surpris\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (ing) -340.98500 (result) -340.98400 (in) -340.99000 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 106.24100 92.95510 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 116.20400 92.95510 Tm [ (\135) -341.00600 (w) 10 (as) -341 (that) -340.98700 (single\055scale) -341.01900 (detection) -341.01700 (performs) ] TJ -66.09140 -11.95510 Td [ (almost) -317.99200 (as) -319.00400 (well) -318.01300 (as) -317.98500 (multi\055scale) -319.00900 (detection\056) -514.98500 (Our) -317.98100 <026e64696e6773> -318.99800 (con\055) ] TJ ET Q 3702.24000 6123.17000 m 3702.24000 6243.72000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 375.67300 615.93400 Tm (SPPnet) Tj /R30 8.96640 Tf 28.15390 0 Td (ZF) Tj ET Q 4207.34000 6123.17000 m 4207.34000 6243.72000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 443.49700 615.93400 Tm (S) Tj ET Q 4712.45000 6123.17000 m 4712.45000 6243.72000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 492.26800 615.93400 Tm (M) Tj ET Q 5217.56000 6123.17000 m 5217.56000 6243.72000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 536.34800 615.93400 Tm (L) Tj ET Q 3088.62000 6121.18000 m 5470.11000 6121.18000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 313.54400 603.48000 Tm (scales) Tj ET Q 3702.24000 5998.64000 m 3702.24000 6119.19000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 386.31300 603.48000 Tm [ (1) -2293.98000 (5) ] TJ ET Q 4207.34000 5998.64000 m 4207.34000 6119.19000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 436.82400 603.48000 Tm [ (1) -2293.98000 (5) ] TJ ET Q 4712.45000 5998.64000 m 4712.45000 6119.19000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 487.33500 603.48000 Tm [ (1) -2293.98000 (5) ] TJ ET Q 5217.56000 5998.64000 m 5217.56000 6119.19000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 537.84500 603.48000 Tm (1) Tj -224.30100 -12.05510 Td [ (test) -250.01900 (rate) -250.02200 (\050s\057im\051) ] TJ ET Q 3702.24000 5878.09000 m 3702.24000 5998.64000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 375.10500 591.42500 Tm [ (0\05614) -1043.98000 (0\05638) ] TJ ET Q 4207.34000 5878.09000 m 4207.34000 5998.64000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 425.61600 591.42500 Tm (0\05610) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 25.05590 0 Td (0\05639) Tj ET Q 4712.45000 5878.09000 m 4712.45000 5998.64000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 476.12700 591.42500 Tm [ (0\05615) -1043.98000 (0\05664) ] TJ ET Q 5217.56000 5878.09000 m 5217.56000 5998.64000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 526.63700 591.42500 Tm (0\05632) Tj -213.09300 -12.05390 Td [ (V) 39.98220 (OC07) -250.01900 (mAP) ] TJ ET Q 3702.24000 5757.54000 m 3702.24000 5878.09000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 375.10500 579.37100 Tm [ (58\0560) -1043.98000 (59\0562) ] TJ ET Q 4207.34000 5757.54000 m 4207.34000 5878.09000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 425.61600 579.37100 Tm [ (57\0561) -1043.98000 (58\0564) ] TJ ET Q 4712.45000 5757.54000 m 4712.45000 5878.09000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 476.12700 579.37100 Tm [ (59\0562) -1043.98000 (60\0567) ] TJ ET Q 5217.56000 5757.54000 m 5217.56000 5878.09000 l S q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R30 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 526.63700 579.37100 Tm (66\0569) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf -217.77500 -20.69100 Td [ (T) 79.98070 (able) -237.98400 (7\056) -237.01800 (Multi\055scale) -237.98200 (vs\056) -306.02300 (single) -236.99000 (scale\056) -305.98200 (SPPnet) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 161.11400 0 Td (ZF) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 13.58870 0 Td [ (\050similar) -238.00300 (to) -236.98500 (model) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf -174.70300 -10.95900 Td (S) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 4.98477 0 Td [ (\051) -254 (results) -252.99000 (are) -253.99500 (from) -254.00500 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 380.70900 547.72100 Tm (11) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 389.67600 547.72100 Tm [ (\135) 0.98839 (\056) -321.01200 (Lar) 17.99800 (ger) -254.01900 (netw) 9.99826 (orks) -253.99700 (with) -253.02300 (a) -254.00300 (single\055scale) -252.99500 (of) 24.99020 (fer) ] TJ -80.81370 -10.95900 Td [ (the) -218.01200 (best) -218.00700 (speed) -217.99000 (\057) -217.99300 (accurac) 15.00830 (y) -218.00100 (tradeof) 24.99020 (f\056) -298.98400 (\050) ] TJ /R30 8.96640 Tf 125.86900 0 Td (L) Tj /R32 8.96640 Tf 7.93398 0 Td [ (cannot) -217.98500 (use) -218.01800 (multi\055scale) -217.98000 (in) -217.99000 (our) ] TJ -133.80300 -10.95820 Td [ (implementation) -250.01700 (due) -249.99700 (to) -250.01400 (GPU) -249.97800 (memory) -249.99500 (constraints\056\051) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 28.09690 TL T* [ <02726d> -256.01400 (their) -255.98400 (result\072) -322 (deep) -255.99400 (Con) 40.01780 (vNets) -256.02100 (are) -256.00600 (adept) -255.98700 (at) -255.99200 (directly) -256.01600 (learn\055) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (ing) -308.99000 (scale) -307.98800 (in) 40.00560 (v) 24.98110 (ariance\056) -486.00200 (The) -309.00200 (multi\055scale) -307.99300 (approach) -309.00200 (of) 25.01540 (fers) -309.01200 (only) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (a) -385 (small) -385.00400 (increase) -384.99700 (in) -384.98200 (mAP) -385.00400 (at) -384.99000 (a) -385 (lar) 17.99700 (ge) -384.99500 (cost) -384.98000 (in) -384.98500 (compute) -385.00900 (time) ] TJ T* [ (\050T) 79.98660 (able) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 337.62400 461.84100 Tm (7) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 342.60500 461.84100 Tm [ (\051\056) -632.01200 (In) -356.99700 (the) -356.99200 (case) -357.00700 (of) -358.01900 (V) 14.98280 (GG16) -356.98500 (\050model) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf 138.98900 0 Td (L) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 6.64492 0 Td [ (\051\054) -357 (we) -357 (are) -357.98900 (lim\055) ] TJ -179.37700 -11.95510 Td [ (ited) -233.00500 (to) -231.98800 (using) -232.99100 (a) -232.00500 (single) -232.99300 (scale) -232.98100 (by) -231.99100 (implementation) -232.99100 (details\056) -304.00300 (Y) 99.98820 (et) -233.01500 (it) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (achie) 25.01540 (v) 14.98280 (es) -253.01400 (a) -254.00200 (mAP) -252.98700 (of) -253.01400 (66\0569\045\054) -254.01600 (which) -253.98200 (is) -253.00200 (slightly) -253.00700 (higher) -253.00200 (than) -253.98200 (the) ] TJ T* [ (66\0560\045) -268.01400 (reported) -267.98700 (for) -267.01700 (R\055CNN) -268.00400 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 424.38900 425.97600 Tm (10) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 434.35100 425.97600 Tm [ (\135\054) -271.99400 (e) 25.01050 (v) 14.98280 (en) -267.99500 (though) -268 (R\055CNN) -268.00400 (uses) ] TJ -125.48900 -11.95590 Td [ <93696e026e69746594> -228.00900 (scales) -229.01300 (in) -227.98900 (the) -227.99400 (sense) -229.01100 (that) -227.98600 (each) -228.99100 (proposal) -228.01600 (is) -227.98600 (w) 10.00320 (arped) -228.98100 (to) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (a) -250.00200 (canonical) -249.98500 (size\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -12.58010 Td [ (Since) -248.02000 (single\055scale) -248.01500 (processing) -248.00800 (of) 25.01540 (fers) -248.00300 (the) -247.98800 (best) -249.00300 (tradeof) 25.01540 (f) -248.00300 (be\055) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (tween) -241.01100 (speed) -239.99200 (and) -241.01400 (accurac) 14.99750 (y) 65.01370 (\054) -243.01300 (especially) -240.01900 (for) -240.97900 (v) 14.98280 (ery) -240.98400 (deep) -241.01900 (models\054) ] TJ T* [ (all) -295 (e) 15.01220 (xperiments) -295.01200 (outside) -295.01700 (of) -295.01000 (this) -294.98500 (sub\055section) -295.01400 (use) -295.00500 (single\055scale) ] TJ T* [ (training) -250.00700 (and) -249.99300 (testing) -250.00200 (with) ] TJ /R59 9.96260 Tf 99.62500 0 Td [ (s) -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 7.43711 0 Td [ (\075) -278.78700 (600) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 27.95080 0 Td [ (pix) 14.99750 (els\056) ] TJ /R30 10.95890 Tf -135.01300 -21.79920 Td [ (5\0563\056) -250.00400 (Do) -250.01300 (we) -250.01500 (need) -249.99100 (mor) 18.01390 (e) -250 (training) -249.98400 (data\077) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 -18.55700 Td [ (A) -372.01400 (good) -371.01700 (object) -372.00200 (detector) -372.00700 (should) -371.00200 (impro) 15.00240 (v) 14.98280 (e) -371.98200 (when) -372.00700 (supplied) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95590 Td [ (with) -234.99800 (more) -235.99000 (training) -234.99000 (data\056) -305.00300 (Zhu) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 116.74100 0 Td [ (et) -235.01500 (al) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 17.30000 0 Td [ (\056) -235.01500 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 451.05300 301.30800 Tm (24) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 461.01500 301.30800 Tm [ (\135) -236.00500 (found) -235.00500 (that) -235.98500 (DPM) -234.99000 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 536.81100 301.30800 Tm (8) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 541.79200 301.30800 Tm (\135) Tj -232.93000 -11.95510 Td [ (mAP) -311.01700 (saturates) -310.99200 (after) -311.01400 (only) -310.98500 (a) -311.01200 (fe) 25.00560 (w) -311.00200 (hundred) -310.98700 (to) -310.99700 (thousand) -311.01200 (train\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (ing) -391.99600 (e) 15.01220 (xamples\056) -734.98500 (Here) -391.00300 (we) -392.01500 (augment) -391.98800 (the) -390.98400 (V) 39.99820 (OC07) -391.98800 (train) 40.00310 (v) 24.98110 (al) -392.00800 (set) ] TJ T* [ (with) -365.99500 (the) -366.01000 (V) 39.99580 (OC12) -367.01000 (train) 40.00560 (v) 24.98110 (al) -366.01200 (set\054) -394.98300 (roughly) -365.98800 (tripling) -366.01700 (the) -366.98800 (number) ] TJ T* [ (of) -281.99000 (images) -282.99000 (to) -282.01900 (16\0565k\054) -290.00600 (to) -283 (e) 25.01050 (v) 24.98110 (aluate) -281.98700 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -281.98200 (R\055CNN\056) -282.00200 (Enlar) 18.00680 (ging) -282.98700 (the) ] TJ T* [ (training) -331.01300 (set) -330.99400 (impro) 15.00480 (v) 14.98280 (es) -331.00100 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35.95780 0 Td (\133) Tj ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 261.46300 428.99800 Tm (22) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 271.42500 428.99800 Tm [ (\135) -388.01600 (in) ] TJ -221.31300 -11.95510 Td [ (which) -217.98700 (the) -219.01400 (proposal) -218.01600 (mechanism) -218.00800 <02727374> -218.01800 (rejects) -219.01700 (a) -218.00800 (v) 24.98110 (ast) -217.99300 (number) -219.00300 (of) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (candidates) -219.98400 (lea) 19.99540 (ving) -220.02000 (the) -221.01500 <636c61737369026572> -220.01700 (with) -220.02000 (a) -220.00700 (small) -220.01200 (set) -221.01200 (to) -219.99000 (e) 25.01050 (v) 24.98110 (aluate\056) ] TJ T* [ (This) -292.00800 (cascade) -292 (impro) 15.00360 (v) 14.98280 (es) -291.00900 (detection) -292.00600 (accurac) 14.99750 (y) -291.98600 (when) -291.98300 (applied) -292.01000 (to) ] TJ T* [ (DPM) -311.99800 (detections) -313.01600 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 121.64400 381.17800 Tm (21) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 131.60600 381.17800 Tm [ (\135\056) -497.01600 (W) 79.98790 (e) -311.99200 <026e64> -312.98200 (e) 25.01050 (vidence) -312.01700 (that) -312.01200 (the) -313 (proposal\055) ] TJ -81.49410 -11.95630 Td [ <636c61737369026572> -250.01200 (cascade) -250.00900 (also) -249.98400 (impro) 15.00360 (v) 14.98280 (es) -249.99600 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -249.98900 (R\055CNN) -250.00700 (accurac) 14.99750 (y) 65.01370 (\056) ] TJ 11.95470 -12.08280 Td [ (Using) -204.01800 (selecti) 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) -204.01000 (search\047) 55.00190 (s) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 96.45000 0 Td [ (quality) -204.01300 (mode) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 51.28830 0 Td [ (\054) -212.98200 (we) -204.00800 (sweep) -204 (from) -203.99500 (1k) ] TJ -159.69300 -11.95510 Td [ (to) -342.98900 (10k) -342.98600 (proposals) -343.00900 (per) -343.98400 (image\054) -365.99900 (each) -343.01000 (time) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 160.57100 0 Td [ (r) 37.01830 (e\055tr) 14.98280 (aining) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 46.62620 0 Td (and) Tj /R36 9.96260 Tf 17.80510 0 Td [ (r) 37.01830 (e\055) ] TJ -225.00200 -11.95510 Td (testing) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 29.10780 0 Td (model) Tj /R30 9.96260 Tf 27.44410 0 Td (M) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.40391 0 Td [ (\056) -255.01400 (If) -254.00300 (proposals) -254.98400 (serv) 14.98160 (e) -254.98200 (a) -254.98200 (purely) -253.98200 (computational) ] TJ -65.95590 -11.95470 Td [ (role\054) -320.99800 (increasing) -306.98800 (the) -306.02000 (number) -306.98800 (of) -307.00600 (proposals) -305.99600 (per) -307.01000 (image) -306.99300 (should) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (not) -250.02000 (harm) -249.98800 (mAP) 110.99100 (\056) ] TJ ET Q q 501.12100 1539.46000 2362.43000 1430.47000 re W n /R349 Do Q q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 8.96640 Tf 1 0 0 1 50.11210 142.98700 Tm [ (Figure) -246.97900 (3\056) -246.99500 (V) 39.98350 (OC07) -247.01300 (test) -248.01400 (mAP) -246.99800 (and) -246.99100 (AR) -247.01200 (for) -247 (v) 25.00660 (arious) -246.99100 (proposal) -246.99400 (schemes\056) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 -26.12110 Td [ (W) 79.98730 (e) -242.00300 <026e64> -242.01400 (that) -241.98400 (mAP) -242.00900 (rises) -241.00600 (and) -241.99300 (then) -241.98700 (f) 9.99466 (alls) -241.98200 (slightly) -241.98900 (as) -241.99600 (the) -241.99100 (pro\055) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95590 Td [ (posal) -310.98800 (count) -312.00900 (increases) -311.00300 (\050Fig\056) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 161.30500 104.91000 Tm (3) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 166.28600 104.91000 Tm [ (\054) -327.00200 (solid) -311.01600 (blue) -312.01400 (line\051\056) -493.98100 (This) -312.00400 (e) 15.01220 (xper) 20 (\055) ] TJ -116.17400 -11.95510 Td [ (iment) -357.99200 (sho) 24.99220 (ws) -356.99000 (that) -358.00400 (sw) 10.00690 (amping) -357.98800 (the) -358.01100 (deep) -356.99800 <636c61737369026572> -357.99400 (with) -357.99700 (more) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (proposals) -250.00500 (does) -249.98500 (not) -250.02000 (help\054) -249.98200 (and) -249.99100 (e) 25.01050 (v) 14.98280 (en) -249.99600 (slightly) -249.98800 (hurts\054) -250.01500 (accurac) 14.99750 (y) 65.01370 (\056) ] TJ 270.70500 629.03700 Td [ (This) -226.99900 (result) -227.00400 (is) -227.00900 (dif) 24.98600 <0263756c74> -226.99200 (to) -227.01100 (predict) -227.98600 (without) -226.98200 (actually) -227.00100 (running) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (the) -366.01000 (e) 15.01220 (xperiment\056) -656.01600 (The) -366.01200 (state\055of\055the\055art) -366.00800 (for) -364.99800 (measuring) -365.98800 (object) ] TJ T* [ (proposal) -204.02000 (quality) -204.99300 (is) -203.99300 (A) 73.99010 (v) 14.98280 (erage) -204.01500 (Recall) -203.99000 (\050AR\051) -205.01500 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 471.81100 686.12700 Tm (12) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 481.77300 686.12700 Tm [ (\135\056) -293.99000 (AR) -205.01000 (correlates) ] TJ -172.91100 -11.95510 Td [ (well) -229.98900 (with) -230.01800 (mAP) -228.99100 (for) -230.00300 (se) 25.01790 (v) 14.98280 (eral) -230.00600 (proposal) -230.01600 (methods) -230.00600 (using) -230.01100 (R\055CNN\054) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 TL T* [ (when) -304.98800 (using) -305.99800 (a) -305.00300 <02786564> -305.00500 (number) -306.00800 (of) -304.99800 (pr) 44.98270 (oposals) -305.00800 (per) -305.00300 (ima) 10.01300 (g) 10.00320 (e) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 205.21400 0 Td [ (\056) -475.99400 (Fig\056) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 540.12900 662.21700 Tm (3) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 308.86200 650.26100 Tm [ (sho) 24.99340 (ws) -285.00100 (that) -286.01600 (AR) -284.99400 (\050solid) -284.98400 (red) -285.01400 (line\051) -286.02100 (does) -285.00100 (not) -284.99200 (correlate) -285.01600 (well) -286.01600 (with) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (mAP) -317.99600 (as) -319.00300 (the) -318.01800 (number) -318.98600 (of) -317.98400 (proposals) -317.99600 (per) -319.01000 (image) -318.01100 (is) -318.01100 (v) 24.98110 (aried\056) -515.98700 (AR) ] TJ T* [ (must) -317.99600 (be) -319.00600 (used) -318.01300 (with) -318.00300 (care\073) -351.99000 (higher) -318.99100 (AR) -318.01100 (due) -317.98100 (to) -318.01600 (more) -318.99600 (proposals) ] TJ T* [ (does) -205.01200 (not) -205.00700 (imply) -204.98800 (that) -205.01000 (mAP) -204.99500 (will) -205 (increase\056) -295.01000 (F) 14.99260 (ortunately) 64.99900 (\054) -213.99900 (training) ] TJ T* [ (and) -348.01500 (testing) -349.00500 (with) -347.99800 (model) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf 97.45700 0 Td (M) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 12.87300 0 Td [ (tak) 10.00810 (es) -348.02000 (less) -348.98600 (than) -348.00600 (2\0565) -348.00600 (hours\056) -605.01700 (F) 14.99260 (ast) ] TJ -110.33000 -11.95510 Td [ (R\055CNN) -389.98400 (thus) -389.99100 (enables) -390.00400 (ef) 25.00810 <026369656e742c> -424.99800 (direct) -390.00400 (e) 25.01050 (v) 24.98110 (aluation) -389.98400 (of) -390.01300 (object) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (proposal) -250.01200 (mAP) 110.99100 (\054) -249.99500 (which) -249.98300 (is) -249.98500 (preferable) -250.00700 (to) -249.98800 (proxy) -249.98300 (metrics\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -11.95470 Td [ (W) 79.98660 (e) -460.98700 (also) -461.00600 (in) 40.00560 (v) 14.98280 (estig) 5.00162 (ate) -460.98400 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -461.01100 (R\055CNN) -460.99200 (when) -461.01100 (using) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 194.41700 0 Td (densely) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf -206.37200 -11.95510 Td [ (generated) -321.00300 (b) -1.01454 (ox) 14.98770 (es) -321.00300 (\050o) 15.01960 (v) 14.98280 (er) -321.99300 (scale\054) -338.99700 (position\054) -338.99200 (and) -322.02000 (aspect) -321 (ratio\051\054) -340.01200 (at) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (a) -355.98500 (rate) -355.00400 (of) -356.01700 (about) -354.98200 (45k) -356.00400 (box) 14.99260 (es) -355 (\057) -356.01400 (image\056) -627.01300 (This) -355.01400 (dense) -356.00900 (set) -354.99000 (is) -356.00400 (rich) ] TJ T* [ (enough) -300.98900 (that) -300.01400 (when) -301.00100 (each) -299.99700 (selecti) 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) -301.01300 (search) -299.99400 (box) -300.99400 (is) -300.01400 (replaced) -301.01300 (by) ] TJ T* [ (its) -298.98900 (closest) -298.00700 (\050in) -299 (IoU\051) -299.00600 (dense) -297.98000 (box\054) -310.98700 (mAP) -299.01900 (drops) -298.98900 (only) -298.00400 (1) -299.00400 (point) -299.01900 (\050to) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (57\0567\045\054) -250.01500 (Fig\056) ] TJ ET Q 1 0 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 357.84800 506.79900 Tm (3) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 362.83000 506.79900 Tm [ (\054) -249.99500 (blue) -249.98500 (triangle\051\056) ] TJ -42.01250 -11.95510 Td [ (The) -420.00300 (statistics) -420 (of) -420.00600 (the) -420 (dense) -419.99900 (box) 14.99260 (es) -420.00800 (dif) 24.98600 (fer) -420.01800 (from) -419.99900 (those) -419.98900 (of) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (selecti) 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) -402.01600 (search) -400.99700 (box) 14.99260 (es\056) -765.00500 (Starting) -402.01100 (with) -401.00700 (2k) -402.00200 (selecti) 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) -402.01600 (search) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (box) 14.99260 (es\054) -543.98300 (we) -485.02000 (test) -485.98000 (m) 0.99248 (AP) -486.01900 (when) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 117.85500 0 Td (adding) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 32.50980 0 Td [ (a) -484.98300 (random) -486.01700 (sampl) 1.00473 (e) -486.00200 (of) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf -150.36500 -11.95510 Td (1000) Tj /R38 9.96260 Tf 21.96600 0 Td [ <02> -205.81600 (f) ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 14.76990 0 Td (2) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.98086 0 Td [ (\073) -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.42812 0 Td (4) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.98086 0 Td [ (\073) -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.42812 0 Td (6) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.98203 0 Td [ (\073) -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.42695 0 Td (8) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 4.98203 0 Td [ (\073) -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.42695 0 Td (10) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 9.96289 0 Td [ (\073) -0.79889 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.42812 0 Td (32) Tj /R59 9.96260 Tf 9.96289 0 Td [ (\073) -0.80379 ] TJ /R42 9.96260 Tf 4.42734 0 Td (45) Tj /R38 9.96260 Tf 9.96289 0 Td (g) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 7.42500 0 Td [ (dense) -245.00800 (box) 14.99260 (es\056) -309.00200 (F) 14.99260 (or) -245.01800 (each) -244.98900 (e) 15.01220 (xper) 19.99670 (\055) ] TJ -120.54100 -11.95510 Td [ (iment) -329.99600 (we) -329.98700 (re\055train) -329.98400 (and) -330.01800 (re\055test) -330.01800 (model) ] TJ /R30 9.96260 Tf 147.54400 0 Td (M) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 9.40508 0 Td [ (\056) -329.97900 (When) -330.01800 (these) -330.01400 (dense) ] TJ -156.94900 -11.95590 Td [ (box) 14.99260 (es) -202.00300 (are) -202.01800 (added\054) -211.01400 (mAP) -202.01500 (f) 9.99588 (alls) -201.99100 (more) -201.01500 (strongly) -202.00600 (than) -201.99100 (when) -201.99600 (adding) ] TJ T* [ (more) -249.98800 (selecti) 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) -250.00200 (search) -250.00200 (box) 14.99260 (es\054) -249.99300 (e) 25.01050 (v) 14.98280 (entually) -250.00700 (reaching) -249.99300 (53\0560\045\056) ] TJ 11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (W) 79.98660 (e) -444.00900 (also) -445.00900 (train) -443.99200 (and) -445.01900 (test) -443.99000 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -445.01400 (R\055CNN) -444.01400 (using) ] TJ /R36 9.96260 Tf 180.02700 0 Td (only) Tj /R32 9.96260 Tf 21.58280 0 Td (dense) Tj -213.56500 -11.95510 Td [ (box) 14.99260 (es) -329.00100 (\05045k) -328.99200 (\057) -328.99700 (image\051\056) -546.99200 (This) -328.97900 (setting) -329.00900 (yields) -329.01900 (a) -329.00900 (mAP) -329.01400 (of) -329.00400 (52\0569\045) ] TJ T* [ (\050blue) -229.01100 (diamond\051\056) -301.99400 (Finally) 65.01120 (\054) -233.01700 (we) -228.98100 (check) -228.00600 (if) -229.01600 (SVMs) -228.98600 (with) -228.01600 (hard) -229.02100 (ne) 15.01710 (g) 4.98446 (a\055) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (ti) 24.99090 (v) 14.98280 (e) -254.98200 (mining) -255.99400 (are) -254.98900 (needed) -255.99400 (to) -255.00600 (cope) -255.99600 (with) -254.99200 (the) -255.98700 (dense) -255.00600 (box) -255.98200 (distrib) 19.99180 (u\055) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (tion\056) -310 (SVMs) -250.00200 (do) -249.98800 (e) 25.01050 (v) 14.98280 (en) -249.99700 (w) 10 (orse\072) -310.01700 (49\0563\045) -250.01700 (\050blue) -249.98800 (circle\051\056) ] TJ /R30 10.95890 Tf 18.20510 TL T* [ (5\0566\056) -250.00400 (Pr) 17.99380 (eliminary) -250.00200 (MS) -250.00400 (COCO) -249.99700 (r) 18.01390 (esults) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 -17.93320 Td [ (W) 79.98660 (e) -557.01000 (applied) -558.00500 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -556.99500 (R\055CNN) -557.01500 (\050with) -558.00500 (V) 14.98280 (GG16\051) -556.99000 (to) -556.99500 (the) -558.01500 (MS) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (COCO) -270.98200 (dataset) -271.00100 (\133) ] TJ ET Q 0 1 0 rg q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 372.92100 315.24400 Tm (18) Tj ET Q 0 g q 10 0 0 10 0 0 cm BT /R32 9.96260 Tf 1 0 0 1 382.88400 315.24400 Tm [ (\135) -271.01600 (to) -271.00100 (establish) -271.01800 (a) -271.01800 (preliminary) -271.01800 (baseline\056) -373.01600 (W) 79.98660 (e) ] TJ -74.02190 -11.95470 Td [ (trained) -221.99000 (on) -221.01200 (the) -221.99500 (80k) -221.98700 (image) -221.00700 (training) -222.01200 (set) -221.99200 (for) -220.98300 (240k) -221.98300 (iterations) -222.00700 (and) ] TJ 11.95630 TL T* [ (e) 25.01050 (v) 24.98110 (aluated) -304.99600 (on) -304.99800 (the) -306.02000 (\223test\055de) 24.98600 (v\224) -305.00800 (set) -304.99800 (using) -305.01800 (the) -304.99800 (e) 25.01050 (v) 24.98110 (aluation) -305.99800 (serv) 14.98280 (er) 55 (\056) ] TJ 11.95470 TL T* [ (The) -382.99000 (P) 92 (ASCAL\055style) -383.01900 (mAP) -383.00500 (is) -382.98000 (35\0569\045\073) -450.01800 (the) -382.98500 (ne) 25.01540 (w) -382.99000 (COCO\055style) ] TJ T* [ (AP) 111.01800 (\054) -249.99500 (which) -249.98300 (also) -249.98300 (a) 19.99180 (v) 14.98280 (erages) -250.00200 (o) 14.98280 (v) 14.98280 (er) -250.00700 (IoU) -249.99300 (thresholds\054) -249.99700 (is) -249.98300 (19\0567\045\056) ] TJ /R30 11.95520 Tf 22.19100 TL T* [ (6\056) -249.98900 (Conclusion) ] TJ /R32 9.96260 Tf 11.95510 -18.92890 Td [ (This) -205.00300 (paper) -206.00700 (proposes) -205 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -205.99500 (R\055CNN\054) -204.99500 (a) -204.99000 (clean) -206.00500 (and) -205.02000 (f) 9.99343 (ast) -205.99500 (update) ] TJ -11.95510 -11.95510 Td [ (to) -213.99100 (R\055CNN) -214.99400 (and) -213.99900 (SPPnet\056) -298.01400 (In) -214.98400 (addition) -214.00400 (to) -213.99400 (reporting) -214.99800 (state\055of\055the\055) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (art) -358.99900 (detection) -359.01400 (results\054) -385.98700 (we) -357.98200 (present) -358.98900 (detailed) -359.01900 (e) 15.01220 (xperiments) -359.00400 (that) ] TJ T* [ (we) -361.00100 (hope) -362.00800 (pro) 14.98520 (vide) -360.98600 (ne) 25.01540 (w) -362.01600 (insights\056) -644 (Of) -362.01800 (particular) -360.98900 (note\054) -389.99900 (sparse) ] TJ 11.95590 TL T* [ (object) -352.00500 (proposals) -351.98800 (appear) -351.98800 (to) -352.01000 (impro) 15.00240 (v) 14.98280 (e) -351.98500 (detector) -352.01000 (quality) 65.00390 (\056) -616.99000 (This) ] TJ 11.95510 TL T* [ (issue) -318.00600 (w) 10 (as) -317.00300 (too) -318.00800 (costly) -317.99800 (\050in) -316.99600 (time\051) -318.00600 (to) -318.01600 (probe) -316.99600 (in) -318.01600 (the) -316.99600 (past\054) -334.98800 (b) 20.00160 (ut) -318.01600 (be\055) ] TJ T* [ (comes) -225.00700 (practical) -223.99700 (with) -225 (F) 14.99260 (ast) -223.99200 (R\055CNN\056) -224.99200 (Of) -224.98200 (course\054) -229.01600 (there) -224.98200 (may) -225.00700 (e) 15.01220 (x\055) ] TJ T* [ (ist) -361.99800 (yet) -362.01100 (undisco) 15.00730 (v) 14.98280 (ered) -363.00600 (techniques) -361.98900 (that) -362.00300 (allo) 24.99090 (w) -362.01300 (dense) -362.00800 (box) 14.99260 (es) -362.99800 (to) ] TJ T* [ (perform) -311 (as) -311.00400 (well) -310.99500 (as) -311.00400 (sparse) -311.00200 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