Institution
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
Facility
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Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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About:QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute is a facility organization based out in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Genome-wide association study. The organization has 3790 authors who have published 11850 publications receiving 673249 citations. The organization is also known as: Queensland Institute of Medical Research & QIMR Berghofer.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR:BRAF somatic missense mutations in 66% of malignant melanomas and at lower frequency in a wide range of human cancers, with a single substitution (V599E) accounting for 80%.
Abstract:Cancers arise owing to the accumulation of mutations in critical genes that alter normal programmes of cell proliferation, differentiation and death. As the first stage of a systematic genome-wide screen for these genes, we have prioritized for analysis signalling pathways in which at least one gene is mutated in human cancer. The RAS RAF MEK ERK MAP kinase pathway mediates cellular responses to growth signals. RAS is mutated to an oncogenic form in about 15% of human cancer. The three RAF genes code for cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinases that are regulated by binding RAS. Here we report BRAF somatic missense mutations in 66% of malignant melanomas and at lower frequency in a wide range of human cancers. All mutations are within the kinase domain, with a single substitution (V599E) accounting for 80%. Mutated BRAF proteins have elevated kinase activity and are transforming in NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, RAS function is not required for the growth of cancer cell lines with the V599E mutation. As BRAF is a serine/threonine kinase that is commonly activated by somatic point mutation in human cancer, it may provide new therapeutic opportunities in malignant melanoma.
9,162citations
[...]
National Institutes of Health
1,University of Chicago
2,Duke University
3,Harvard University
4,University of Oxford
5,GlaxoSmithKline
6,Johns Hopkins University
7,Yale University
8,deCODE genetics
9,Princeton University
10,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
11,Washington University in St. Louis
12,University of California, Berkeley
13,Stanford University
14,University of Michigan
15,Cornell University
16,University of Washington
17,University of Queensland
18,Vanderbilt University
19,North Carolina State University
20,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
21
TL;DR:This paper examined potential sources of missing heritability and proposed research strategies, including and extending beyond current genome-wide association approaches, to illuminate the genetics of complex diseases and enhance its potential to enable effective disease prevention or treatment.
Abstract:Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with complex human diseases and traits, and have provided valuable insights into their genetic architecture. Most variants identified so far confer relatively small increments in risk, and explain only a small proportion of familial clustering, leading many to question how the remaining, 'missing' heritability can be explained. Here we examine potential sources of missing heritability and propose research strategies, including and extending beyond current genome-wide association approaches, to illuminate the genetics of complex diseases and enhance its potential to enable effective disease prevention or treatment.
7,195citations
[...]
TL;DR:The GCTA software is a versatile tool to estimate and partition complex trait variation with large GWAS data sets and focuses on the function of estimating the variance explained by all the SNPs on the X chromosome and testing the hypotheses of dosage compensation.
Abstract:For most human complex diseases and traits, SNPs identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) explain only a small fraction of the heritability. Here we report a user-friendly software tool called genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA), which was developed based on a method we recently developed to address the “missing heritability” problem. GCTA estimates the variance explained by all the SNPs on a chromosome or on the whole genome for a complex trait rather than testing the association of any particular SNP to the trait. We introduce GCTA's five main functions: data management, estimation of the genetic relationships from SNPs, mixed linear model analysis of variance explained by the SNPs, estimation of the linkage disequilibrium structure, and GWAS simulation. We focus on the function of estimating the variance explained by all the SNPs on the X chromosome and testing the hypotheses of dosage compensation. The GCTA software is a versatile tool to estimate and partition complex trait variation with large GWAS data sets.
4,497citations
[...]
Harvard University
1,Broad Institute
2,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
3,Cardiff University
4,North Carolina State University
5,Trinity College, Dublin
6,University of Edinburgh
7,Karolinska Institutet
8,Uppsala University
9,University of Southern California
10,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
11,University College London
12,National Health Service
13,University of Oxford
14,University of Aberdeen
15,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
16,State University of New York Upstate Medical University
17,University of Coimbra
18
TL;DR:The extent to which common genetic variation underlies the risk of schizophrenia is shown, using two analytic approaches, and the major histocompatibility complex is implicate, which is shown to involve thousands of common alleles of very small effect.
Abstract:精神分裂症是一种严重的精神障碍与lifetime risk of about 1%, characterized by hallucinations, delusions and cognitive deficits, with heritability estimated at up to 80%(1,2). We performed a genome-wide association study of 3,322 European individuals with schizophrenia and 3,587 controls. Here we show, using two analytic approaches, the extent to which common genetic variation underlies the risk of schizophrenia. First, we implicate the major histocompatibility complex. Second, we provide molecular genetic evidence for a substantial polygenic component to the risk of schizophrenia involving thousands of common alleles of very small effect. We show that this component also contributes to the risk of bipolar disorder, but not to several non-psychiatric diseases.
4,174citations
[...]
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
1,Broad Institute
2,University of Groningen
3,University of Pittsburgh
4,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
5,Yale University
6,University of Cambridge
7,University of Chicago
8,Harvard University
9,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
10,University of Liège
11,King's College London
12,Université de Montréal
13,New Jersey Institute of Technology
14,Cleveland Clinic
15,Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry
16,Université libre de Bruxelles
17,Aarhus University
18,University of Adelaide
19,University of Kiel
20,Flinders University
21,McGill University
22,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
23,查利特
24,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
25,University of Bonn
26,Karolinska Institutet
27,Torbay Hospital
28,University of Auckland
29,Christchurch Hospital
30,Imperial College London
31,Queen's University
32,University of Oslo
33,Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
34,Emory University
35,Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza
36,Ghent University
37,University of Western Australia
38,University of Edinburgh
39,Queensland Health
40,Newcastle University
41,University of Dundee
42,University of Manchester
43,University of Amsterdam
44,University of Maribor
45,Royal Hospital for Sick Children
46,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
47,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
48,Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
49,Leiden University
50,Technische Universität München
51,University of Toronto
52,University of Pennsylvania
53,Johns Hopkins University
54,University of Queensland
55
TL;DR:A meta-analysis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis genome-wide association scans is undertaken, followed by extensive validation of significant findings, with a combined total of more than 75,000 cases and controls.
Abstract:克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎,两家有限公司mmon forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affect over 2.5 million people of European ancestry, with rising prevalence in other populations. Genome-wide association studies and subsequent meta-analyses of these two diseases as separate phenotypes have implicated previously unsuspected mechanisms, such as autophagy, in their pathogenesis and showed that some IBD loci are shared with other inflammatory diseases. Here we expand on the knowledge of relevant pathways by undertaking a meta-analysis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis genome-wide association scans, followed by extensive validation of significant findings, with a combined total of more than 75,000 cases and controls. We identify 71 new associations, for a total of 163 IBD loci, that meet genome-wide significance thresholds. Most loci contribute to both phenotypes, and both directional (consistently favouring one allele over the course of human history) and balancing (favouring the retention of both alleles within populations) selection effects are evident. Many IBD loci are also implicated in other immune-mediated disorders, most notably with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis. We also observe considerable overlap between susceptibility loci for IBD and mycobacterial infection. Gene co-expression network analysis emphasizes this relationship, with pathways shared between host responses to mycobacteria and those predisposing to IBD.
3,586citations
Authors
Showing all 3790 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nicholas G. Martin | 192 | 1770 | 161952 |
| Stephen V. Faraone | 188 | 1427 | 140298 |
| Arthur W. Toga | 159 | 1184 | 109343 |
| Grant W. Montgomery | 157 | 926 | 108118 |